EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

(EI/eq)

And minds without emotions are not really minds at all. They are souls on icecold, lifeless creatures devoid of any desires, sorrows, pains or pleasure.
LeDoux 1996

Prof.Daniel Goleman (Uni.Harvard) dalam bukunya Emotional Intelligence IQ yang tinggi belum tentu menjamin kejayaan jika dibandingkan dengan EQ IQ menyumbang 20% dan EQ 80% dalam kejayaan.

KEJAYAAN
KEUPAYAAN UNTUK MEMBINA DAN MENCAPAI MATLAMAT PERSONAL DAN PROFESIONAL

EMOSI
PERKATAAN LATIN

MOTERE
BERMAKSUD BERGERAK. MOTUS ANIMA SEMANGAT YANG MENGGERAKKAN KITA Satu keadaan dialami oleh manusia melibatkan perubahan proses fisiologi, diri dan psikologi
(Mohmood Nazar Mohamad,1991)

gembira
takut

cinta
marah sedih
bersemangat

dll.

Emotional Intelligence
EI is a multifactorial array of interrelated emotional, personal, and social abilities that help us cope with daily demands Ciarrochi J.et.al.

EQ
The ability to perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotion knowledge, and to reflectively regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth
Mayer and Salovey

EQ
Susunan kemampuan bukan kognatif, keupayaan dan kemahiran yang mempengaruhi kemampuan kejayaan seseorang menangani tuntutan dan tekanan persekitaran . Ciarrochi .J

Rumusan EQ
Boleh kenal emosi sendiri Boleh urus emosi dengan berkesan Boleh Meningkatkan motivasi Boleh kenal emosi orang lain Boleh membina hubungan baik

Jika seseorang memiliki IQ yang tinggi, ditambah dengan EQ yang tinggi pula, orang tersebut akan lebih mampu menguasai keadaan, dan merebut setiap peluang yang ada tanpa membuat masalah yang baru
STEQ

Thomas Stanley Membuat tinjauan kepada 733 Multi-millionaires Di seluruh US . Mereka diminta membuat rating terhadap 30 faktor yang menyumbang kejayaan mereka. 5 faktor teratas ialah: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Jujur dengan semua orang. Mempunyai disiplin yang baik. Bersama-sama dengan orang lain. Mempunyai pasangan yang menyokong. Bekerja lebih kuat daripada orang lain.

IQ menduduki tempat ke 21 dan hanya dipersetujui oleh 20% sampel sahaja.

PERANAN EI /eq
DALAM KEHIDUPAN HARIAN
Life Events
Major life events Daily hassles Daily uplifts Other emotion-eliciting events

Adaptation

Life Outcomes
Mental Health Relationship Quality Work Success School Success Physical Health

Emotional Intellegence

EI/eq
Perceiving Expressing Understanding Managing

CIRI INDIVIDU YANG MEMPUNYAI KECERDASAN EMOSI PATTON 1997

1. Boleh menangguh pemuasan nafsu dan keinginan. 2. Optimis apabila berhadapan dengan ketidakpastian

dan keburukan.
3. Menyalurkan emosi yang keras dengan cara yang berkesan. 4. Bermotivasi dan berdisiplin apabila berusaha mencapai tujuan.

5. Mengatasi masalah peribadi.

6. Memperlihatkan empati. 7. Membina kesedaran kendiri dan pemahaman peribadi.

KEMAHIRAN EQ GOLEMAN (1995)

1. MENGENALI EMOSI SENDIRI

The ability to access ones own feeling life. (INTRAPERSONAL INTELLIGENCE)

MENGENAL WAKTU EMOSI ITU TIMBUL.

MEMBERI PERHATIAN KEPADA GERAK HATI. JENIS EMOSI.

SALURAN EKSPRESI EMOSI.

PERANGSANG EMOSI. MENGASINGKAN EMOSI POSITIF DAN NEGATIF. MEMAHAMI KEPENTINGAN EMOSI MEMBERI PELUANG MERASAI PENILAIAN ASAS TINDAKAN EMOSI/PEMIKIRAN IKHLAS DIRI

ALEXITHYMIA
Perkataan Greek A Laxis lack word

Thymos emotion

Kesukaran mengenalpasti dan menerangkan emosi yang subjektif

Kesannya
Lemah keupayaan menangani tekanan Kecelaruan psikiatris Penyalahgunaan dadah Kecelaruan pemakanan Kecelaruan somatoform Anxiety Kecelaruan personaliti

Lebih banyak perbalahan yang anda menang maka lebih berkuranganlah kawan anda

anonymous

Sesiapapun boleh marah. Tetapi, marah pada orang yang tepat, dengan kadar yang tepat, pada waktu yang tepat, dengan tujuan yang tepat, dengan cara yang tepat, bukanlah mudah
Aristoteles,The Nicomachean Ethics

2. MENGURUS EMOSI SENDIRI

Kemahiran mengawal tindakan dan perasaan sebelum melakukan sesuatu.
(SEDIH,CEMAS,MURUNG,TERSINGGUNG DLL).

MENGAWAL KEINGINAN/KEMAHUAN.
MENANGANI PERASAAN, TIDAK LARI, LANGGAR, LAWAN DAN LUPAKAN. MENGENALPASTI RANGSANGAN EMOSI NEGATIF DAN CARA MENGATASINYA. MEMAHAMI KEKUATAN DAN KELEMAHAN DIRI. BERTANGGUNGJAWAB TERHADAP TINDAKAN. MEMBUAT PERTIMBANGAN SEBELUM BERTINDAK. TOLERANSI HFT

TIDAK AGRESIF

MENGENDALIKAN EMOSI
1. MEMPERTAHANKAN DIRI.
2. TIDAK KISAH DAN MELEWATKAN.

3. MENCERITAKAN KEPADA ORANG LAIN.

4. PENGURUSAN EMOSI. MENYEDARI MENERIMA MENGANALISA MEMBUAT ALTERNATIF MEMBUAT KEPUTUSAN.

3. MEMOTIVASI EMOSI NEGATIF

Usaha dan daya ketahanan seseorang untuk mencapai matlamat hidup.
MENCABAR PEMIKIRAN KEYAKINAN OPTIMISME TUMPUAN

KEGHAIRAHAN
KETAHANAN BERANI

Mencapai prestasi yang lebih tinggi.

Berkeyakinan semasa

menghadapi kesulitan.
Menimbulkan keghairahan bekerja. Optimis. Seronok bekerja.

4. MENGENALI EMOSI ORANG LAIN

Interpersonal Intelligence (The ability to read the feeling and emotions of others)
RAKAN, PELANGGAN DAN BOSS EMPATI BERTOLOAK ANSUR MENGHORMATI PANDANGAN SENSITIF ELAK MENGKRITIK MEMBERI PERHATIAN SECARA JUJUR MENDEKATI MENJANGKA KUASAI KOMUNIKASI BUKAN VERBAL

MEMBACA PERASAAN ORANG LAIN

MENGENALPASTI EMOSI DAN MEMBACA

DENGAN TEPAT EMOSI ORANG LAIN.

1. SEDAR TANDA-TANDA EMOSI. 2. BOLEH MEMBACA BAHASA LISAN DAN BUKAN LISAN. 3. FAHAM DAN BERI PERHATIAN. 4. RASIONAL DALAM MENILAIM PERASAAN ORANG LAIN.

5. MENGENDALI PERHUBUNGAN
Kemahiran menjalinkan perhubungan atau persahabatan dengan orang lain dan kemahiran komunikasi (PROSOSIAL)
PENYAYANG. ELAK INDIVIDUALISTIK. BANYAK MENDENGAR. DEMOKRATIK. MEMBANTU KE ARAH KEBAHAGIAAN. MEMBANTU MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH. ELAK DIJANGKITI EMOSI ORANG LAIN.

MENGHORMATI.
KESEDERHANAAN BERHEMAH TINGGI

SENYUM SELALU.

Empati.

Penyesuaian diri.
Disukai.

Setiakawan.
Keramahan.

Menghormati.
Boleh bekerja dalam pasukan.

Mendengar dengan aktif.

Mampu bejenaka.

Dua Jenis Kewibawaan Pemimpin:

1. 2. Kewibawaan dari jabatan atau pangkat - Formal. Kewibawaan keperibadian - Tak formal.

Mana yang lebih baik? Seimbang : 1. 2. Mempunyai kuasa memberi upah dan dendaan. Memiliki pendekatan kemanusiaan atau Human Skills. Human Skills bermaksud Kemampuan untuk bekerja dengan dan melalui orang lain, termasuk di dalamnya memahami motivasi orang lain.

Kemampuan ini yang menjadi sebahagian

daripada EQ.

Hersey Blanchard

EI/EQ COMPONENTS

EMOTIONAL QUOTION

Components
1. Intrapersonal
I. Emotional Self Awareness ii. Assertiveness iii. Independence iv. Self Regard v. Self Actualization

2. Interpersonal
I. Empathy ii. Social Responsibility iii. Interpersonal Relationships

3. The Adaptability
i. Problem Solving ii. Reality Testing iii. Flexibility

4. The Stress Management

i. Stress Tolerance ii. Impulse Control.

5. The General Mood

i. Happiness ii. Optimism

Emotional Self-Awareness
DEFINATION: The ability to recognize your feelings and to differentiate between them, to know what you are feeling and why and to know what caused the feelings. Serious deficiencies in this area are found in those with alexithymia (the inability to express feelings verbally).
Kemampuan untuk menyedari dan memahami emosi diri.

ALEXITHYMIA
Perkataan Greek a laxis thymos lack word emotion

Kesukaran mengenalpasti dan menerangkan emosi yang subjektif

Kesannya
Lemah keupayaan menangani tekanan Kecelaruan psikiatris Penyalahgunaan dadah Kecelaruan pemakanan Kecelaruan somatoform Anxiety Kecelaruan personaliti

Assertiveness
DEFINATION: Assertiveness is composed of three basic components: (1) the ability to express feelings (for example, to accept and express anger, warmth and sexual feelings); (2) the ability to express beliefs and thoughts openly (being able to voice opinions, disagree and take a definite stand, even if it is emotionally difficult to do so and even if you have something to lose by doing so); and (3) the ability to stand up for personal rights (not allowing others to bother you or take advantage of you). Assertive people are not overcontrolled or shy they are able to express their feelings (often directly) without being aggressive or abusive. Kemampuan melahirkan emosi diri secara konstruktif.

INDEPENDENCE
DEFINATION:
The ability to be self-directed and self-controlled in your thinking and actions and to be free of emotional dependency. Independent people are self-reliant in planning and making the right decision for themselves in the end; consulting others is not necessarily a sign of dependency. Independent people are able to function autonomously they avoid clinging to others in order to satisfy their emotional needs. The ability to be independent rests on ones degree of self-confidence and inner strength and the desire to meet expectations and obligations without becoming a slave to them. Kemampuan untuk berdikari, dan tidak bergantung secara emosi kepada orang lain.

SELF-REGARD
DEFINATION:
The ability to respect and accept yourself as basically good. Respecting yourself as essentially liking the way you are. Self-regard is the ability to appreciate your perceived positive aspects and possibilities as well as to accept your negative aspects and limitations and still feel good about yourself. Its knowing your strengths and weaknesses, and liking yourself, warts and all. This conceptual component of emotional intelligence is associated with general feelings of security, inner strength, self-assuredness, self-confidence and feelings of self-adequacy. Feeling sure of oneself is dependent upon self-respect and self-esteem, which are based on fairly well-developed sense of identity. People with good self-regard feel fulfilled and satisfied with themselves. At the opposite end of the continuum are feelings of personal inadequacy and inferiority.

Kemampuan menerima dan menghormati diri dengan tepat.

SELF-ACTUALIZATION
DEFINATION: The ability to realize your potential capacities. This component of emotional intelligence is manifested by becoming involved in pursuits that lead to a meaningful, rich and full life. Striving to actualize your potential involves developing enjoyable and meaningful activities and can mean in lifelong effort and an enthusiastic commitment to long-term goals. Self-actualization is an ongoing, dynamic process of striving toward the maximum development of your abilities and talents, of persistently trying to do your best and improve yourself in general. Excitement about your interests energizes and motivates you to continue the interests. Self-actualization is affiliated with feelings of self-satisfaction. Berkemampuan dan bersemangat untuk mencapai matlamat dan melahirkan potensi diri.

Empathy
DEFINATION: The ability to be aware of, to understand and to appreciate the feelings and thoughts of others. Empathy is tuning in (being sensitive) to what, how and why people feel and think the way they do. Being empathic means being able to emotionally read other people. Empathic people care about others and show interest in and concern for them.
Kemampuan untuk menyedari dan memahami perasaan orang lain.

Social Responsibility
DEFINATION: The ability to demonstrate that you are a cooperative, contributing and constructive member of your social group. This component of emotional intelligence involves acting in a responsible manner, even though you might not benefit personally, doing things for and with others, accepting others, acting in accordance with your conscience and upholding social rules. Socially responsible people have social consciousness and a basic concern for others, which is manifested by being able to take on community-oriented responsibilities. They possess interpersonal sensitivity and are able to accept others and use their talents for the good of the collective, not just the self. People who are deficient in this ability may entertain antisocial attitudes, act abusively toward others and take advantage of others.

Kemampuan mengenalpasti tanggungjawab sosial dan merasai sebahagian daripada ahli masyarakat.

INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS Definition: The ability to establish and maintain mutually satisfying relation ships that are characterized by intimacy and by giving and receiving affection .Mutual satisfaction includes meaningful social interchanges that are potentially rewarding and enjoyable and characterized by give and take. Positive interpersonal relationship skill is characterized by sensitivity toward others. This component of emotional intelligence is not only associated with the desire to cultivate friendly relationships with others but with the ability to feel at ease and comfortable in such relations and to possess positive expectations concerning social intercourse.

Kemampuan untuk berhubung baik dengan orang lain.

PROBLEM SOLVING DEFINITION The ability to identify and define problems as well to generate and implement potentially effective solutions. Problem-solving is multiphasic in nature and includes the ability to go through a process of (1) sensing a problem and feeling confident and motivated to deal with it effectively; (2) defining and formulating the problems as clearly as possible (e.g., gathering relevant information; (3) generating as many solutions as many as possible (e.g., brainstorming); (4) making a decision to implement one of the solutions (e.g., weighing the pros and cons of each possible solution and choosing the best course of action); (5) assesing the outcome of the implement solution; and (6) repeating this process if the problem still exists. Problem-solving is associated with being conscientious, disciplined, methodical and systematic in perservering and approaching problems. This skill is also linked to a desire to do ones best and to confront problems,rather than avoid them.

Kemampuan untuk menyelesaikan masalah personal dan interpersonal.

REALITY TESTING

Definition:
The ability to assess the correspondence between whats experienced and what objectively exists. Reality testing involves tuning in to the immediate Situation. It is the capacity to see things objectively, The way they are, rather then the way we wish or Fear them to be. Testing this degree of correspondence Involves a search for objective evidence to confirm, justify And support feelings, perceptions and thoughts. The empasis Is on pragmatism, objectively, the adequacy of your perception And authentication of your ideas and thoughts. An important aspect of this component involves the ability to concentrate and focus when trying to assess and cope with situations that arise. Reality testing is associated with a lack of withdrawal from the outside world, A tuning in to the immediate situation and lucidity and clarity In perception and thought processes. In simple terms, reality testing Is the ability to accurately size up the immediate situation.

Kemampuan mengesahkan secara objektif perasaan dan pemikiran kita.

Flexibility
Definition
The ability to adjust your emotions, thoughts and behavior to changing situations and conditions. This component of emotional intelligence applies to your overall ability to adapt to unfamiliar , unpredictable and dynamic circumstances. Flexible people are agile, synergistic and capable of reacting to change, without rigidity. This people are able to change their minds when evidence suggests that they are mistaken. They are generally open to and tolerant of different ideas, orientations, ways and practices. Their capacity to shift thoughts and behaviors is not arbitrary or whimsical, but rather in concert with shifting feedback they are getting from their environment. Individuals who lack this capacity tend to be rigid and obstinate. They adapt poorly to new situations and have little capacity to take advantage of new opportunities.

Kemampuan untuk menyerap dan mengubahsuai perasaan dan pemikiran kita terhadap situasi yang baru.

Stress Tolerance
Definition
The ability to withstand adverse events and stressful situations without falling apart by actively and positively coping with stress.This ability is based on (1) A capacity to choose the courses of action for dealing with stress (being resourceful and effective, being Able to come up with sutable methods, knowing what to do and how to do it.(2) An optimistic disposition toward new experiences and change in general and toward your own ability to successfully overcome the specific problem at hand and (3) A feeling that you can control or influence the stressful situation by staying calm and Maintaining control. Stress tolerance includes having a repertoire of suitable responses to stressful situations. It ia associated with the capacity to be relaxed and composed and to calmly face difficulties without getting carried away by strong emotions.

Kemampuan mengendalikan emosi dengan berkesan.

People who have good strees tolerance tend to face crises and problems rether then surrendering to feeling of helplessness and hopelessness. Anxiety, which often results when this component is not functioning adequately, has and ill effect on general performance because it contributes to poor concentration, difficulty in making decisions and somatic problems such as sleep disturbance.

Impulse Control
The ability to resist or delay an impulse, drive or Temptation to act. Impulse control entails a capacity for accepting your aggressive impulses, being composed and controlling aggression, hostility and irresponsible behavior. Problems in impulse control are manifested by low frustration tolerance, impulsiveness, anger control problems, abusiveness, loss of self control and explosive and unpredictable behavior.

Kemampuan untuk mengawal emosi.

HAPPINESS.
The ability to feel satisfied with your life, to enjoy your self and others and to have fun. Happiness combines self-satisfaction, general contentment and the ability to enjoy life. Happy people often feel good and ease in both work and leisure; they are able to let their hair down and enjor opportunities for having fun. Happiness is associated with a general feeling of cheerfulness and enthusiasm. It is a by-product and/or barometric indicator of your overall degree of emotional intelligence and emotional functioning. A person who demonstrates a low degree of this component may possess symptoms of depression, such as atendency to worry, uncertainty about the future, social withdrawal, lackmof drive, depressive thoughts, feelings of guilt, dissatisfaction with life and, in extreme cases, suicidal thoughts and behavior.

OPTIMISM.
The ability to look at the brighter side of life and to maintain a positive attitude even in the face of adversity. Optisism assumes a meas ure of hope in ones approach to life. It is a positive approach to daily living. Optisism is the opposite of pessimism, which is a common symtom of depression.

MENGENALI JENIS-JENIS PERASAAN

MARAH

KEPERCAYAAN
Kamu tidak sepatutnya bertindak begini, akibatnya kamu dikutuk. Ciri utama marah ialah menyalahkan diri, orang lain atau dunia.

INFEREN
Ada kekecewaan wujud dan menghalang pencapaian matlamat yang penting. Punca kekecewaan dari dalaman dan luaran. Marah kepada diri, orang lain dan dunia.

Ada sesuatu yang melanggar had dan peraturan personal yang penting yang mewujudkan kekecewaan.

Ada sesuatu yang

mengancam Self esteem.

Ini menyebabkan
Self defence anger.

TTindakan
Menyerang secara fizikal atau lisan kepada punca kekecewaan atau punca melanggar peraturan atau punca ancaman. Menyerang secara direct, indirect atau melepaskan kepada orang lain, sesuatu objek, orang yang lebih rendah atau kepada binatang.

Marah memberi kesan positif dalam jangka masa pendek, rasa berkuasa, kadang-kadang membantu mendapati apa yang dikehendaki daripada orang lain. Kesan negatif jangka panjang adalah merosakkan interaksi dengan orang lain, sakit atau rasa tidak disayangi.

HURT

Inferen
Bahawa orang lain bertindak terhadapnya secara tidak adil, atau mengenepikannya, tidak sayang dan merasa dia sepatutnya tidak dilayan sedemikian.

Kepercayaan
Saya sepatutnya tidak dilayan dengan cara tidak adil, tidak baik, dan sebenarnya anda tidak baik dan saya merasa amat dahsyat kerana dilayan sedemikian.

TTindakan

Menarik diri. Menutup saluran komunikasi. Mengkritik orang lain tanpa memberi tahu apa yang dia terasa. Terasa dan murung. Terasa dan marah. Tindakan yang menggalakkan orang rasa bersalah. Mengharapkan orang lain dapat membaca apa yang ada dalam fikirannya dan orang itu akan memahaminya.

MALU

IInferen
TTelah menunjukkan kelemahan peribadi atau bertindak bodoh di hadapan khalayak ramai. iOrang lain sedar tindakannya dan menilai secara negatif.

Mereka betul, saya tak bermaruah kerana menunjukkan kelemahan saya. Saya mesti sepatutnya tidak menunjukkan kelemahan saya di khalayak ramai, saya mesti tidak diterima.

TTindakan
Mengelak diri daripada menjadi tumpuan sosial. iMengelak bertentang mata. iMenjauhkan diri secara fizikal daripada pergaulan sosial. Jika terus berada dalam pergaulan sosial, dia tidak tahu apa nak buat dengan dirinya dan menyebabkan orang lain akan lebih memberi tumpuan kepada dirinya.

KEMURUNGAN

Inferen
Dia mengalami kehilangan personal yang penting, contohnya kematian orang yang disayangi, kehilangan kasih sayang, hilang perhubungan atau hilang matlamat.

Kepercayaan
Saya sepatutnya tidak mengalami kehilangan ini, jika berlaku, ia adalah sesuatu yang dahsyat, saya tidak baik, tak guna, orang lain tak guna, dunia tak guna. Merasa tiada harapan di masa akan datang.

Menarik diri dari pengalaman atau daripada orang lain atau menjadi kaku. Menimbulkan masalah disiplin bertujuan untuk melarikan diri daripada kemurungan. Merasa tiada harapan atau tiada apa-apa yang dapat membantu. Hauck(1971) 3 kemurungan hilang harga diri: Rasa diri tidak berguna. I Rasa kehilangan sesuatu. I Rasa kehilangan keselesaan.

BERSALAH

Inferen
Rasa telah memecahkan kod etika personal samada membuat sesuatu yang dikatakan salah atau tidak membuat sesuatu yang dikatakan baik.

Kepercayaan
Saya secara mutlak tidak semestinya membuat sesuatu yang telah saya lakukan, saya adalah tidak berguna dan patut dipersalahkan dan sepatutnya dihukum.

TTindakan
Undoing. iMembaiki hubungan yang rosak. Self punishment rasa layak dihukum. iMembius diri dari rasa kesakitan rasa bersalah dengan cara merosakkan diri dengan mengambil dadah atau arak. vMengelak daripada tanggungjawab dengan memberi alasan yang defensif dengan menyatakan dia tidak melakukan kesalahan dan menyalahkan orang lain.

ANXIETY

Inferen
Ada ancaman mengenai perkara akan datang kesan daripada keadaan masa kini.

Kepercayaan
Ancaman sepatutnya tidak berlaku, jika berlaku ia adalah sesuatu yang dahsyat.

Tindak Balas
Mengelak atau menarik diri daripada ancaman. Ini akan memberi kesan jangka pendek iaitu mengurangkan anxiety. Apabila klien tidak dapat memberi tindak balas yang membina ini akan menimbulkan kesan jangka panjang yang merosakkan terhadap pertumbuhan individu.

SSelalunya akan melakukan mmasalah disiplin. Contohnya sseperti minum alkohol dan mmenghisap dadah. Mencari perlindungan. Ward off the threat.

i.

Mendedahkan diri. Counterphobic behaviour. Kepercayaan bahawa dia tidak mampumenghadapi ancaman yang akan berlaku

Ancaman kepada self esteem dinamakan ego anxiety. Ancaman kepada keselesaan personal dinamakan discomfort anxiety.
Kedua-dua ancaman saling bergabung untuk meningkatkan anxiety atau panik. Ia memberi kesan kepada fisologi atau sensasi fizikal.