VN ImageProcessing4 ImageEnhancement (PointProcessing)

X L NH S:
Ci thin nh (X l im nh)
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Ni dung
Trong phn ny, chng ta s tm hiu cc k thut ci thin nh thao tc im nh:
Th no l x l im nh? nh o Ct ngng Bin i BLogarithmic Power law transforms Grey level slicing Bit plane slicing
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C s ci thin nh trong min k.gian

Hu ht cc thao tc ci thin nh trong min khng gian u c dng Origin x g (x, y) = T[ f (x, y)] Vi f (x, y) l nh vo, g (x, y) l nh x l, (x, y) v T l ton t c nh ngha trn ln cn ca (x, y)
y Image f (x, y)
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X l im nh
Cc thao tc min khng gian n gin nht xy ra khi ln cn cng l chnh l im nh Trong trng hp ny T c xem nh hm chuyn i mc xm hoc thao tc x l im nh Cc thao tc x l im nh c dng s=T(r) vi s l im nh x l, r l im nh ban u
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V d x l im nh: nh o
nh o hu ch cho vic ci thin cc chi tit mu trng hay mu xm nm trong vng ti ca nh
M trong nh o di y r rng hn
Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)
Original Image
s = 1.0 - r
Negative Image
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V d x l im nh: nh o (tt)
x Enhanced Image
Image f (x, y)
Image f (x, y)
s = intensitymax - r
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V d x l im nh: ct ngng
Ct ngng rt hu ch vi phn on nh: chng ta mun c lp mt i tng so vi nn
s=
1.0 r > threshold 0.0 r <= threshold
V d x l im nh: ct ngng (tt)

x Enhanced Image
Image f (x, y)
Image f (x, y)
s=
1.0 r > threshold 0.0 r <= threshold
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Chuyn i sng
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C s chuyn i xm
C nhiu kiu chuyn i xm khc nhau Ba kiu hay dng
Tuyn tnh
Negative/Identity
Logarithmic
Log/Inverse log
Lut hm m
nth power/nth root
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Bin i Logarithmic
Dng tng qut ca bin i log l s = c * log(1 + r) Bin i log nh x vng hp cc mc sng u vo thnh vng rng cc mc sng u ra Bin i log ngc thc hin chuyn i ngc li
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Bin i Logarithmic (tt)

Cc hm log rt hu ch khi cc gi tr xm ca nh u vo c mt min gi tr rng. Trong v d sau, bin i Fourier ca mt nh c chuyn sang bin i log lm r hn cc chi tit.
s = log(1 + r)
Bin i Logarithmic (tt)

x Enhanced Image
Image f (x, y)
Image f (x, y)
s = log(1 + r)
Ta thng thit lp c=1 Cc mc xm trong phm vi [0.0, 1.0]
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Bin i hm m
Cc bin i ly tha c dng sau s=c*r nh x phm vi hp cc gi tr xm u vo sang phm vi rng hn cc gi tr u ra hoc ngc li Thay i cho ta h ng cong
Bin i hm m (tt)
x Enhanced Image
Image f (x, y)
Image f (x, y)
s=r
Ta thng thit lp c=1 Cc mc xm trong phm vi [0.0, 1.0]
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V d bin i hm m
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V d bin i hm m (tt)
= 0.6
1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Old Intensities
Transformed Intensities
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V d bin i hm m (tt)
= 0.4
1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Original Intensities
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V d bin i hm m (tt)
= 0.3
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V d bin i hm m (tt)
Hnh nh bn phi cho ta nh cng hng t ca bnh nhn b gy ct sng
s = r 0.4
s = r 0.6
Cc ng cong lm ni cc chi tit khc nhau
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V d bin i hm m
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V d bin i hm m (tt)
= 5.0
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Bin i hm m (tt)
nh ng bng chp t trn khng Bin i hm m c s dng lm ti nh Cc ng cong khc khau hin th cc chi tit khc nhau
s = r 3.0
s = r 4.0
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Hiu chnh Gamma

Nhiu bn c th quen vi hiu chnh gamma ca mn hnh my tnh Vn l cc thit b hin th khng p ng tuyn tnh vi cc sng khc nhau Chng c th c hiu chnh s dng bin i log
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Mt s vn khc v tng phn
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Cc hm chuyn i tuyn tnh phn on (Piecewise)

Thay v s dng cc hm ton hc thng dng, ta c th s dng bin i bt k do ngi dng nh ngha nh di y m t bin i tuyn tnh m rng tng phn cng tng phn vo nh cht lng km
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Ct lt xm (slicing)
Lm ni mt vng xm
Tng t nh ct ngng Cc mc khc c th b loi b hoc gi nguyn Rt hu ch lm ni cc chi tit trong nh
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Ct lt mt bt (Bit Plane Slicing)

Bng cch c lp cc bit c bit ca cc gi tr pixel trong nh, chng ta c th lm ni cc kha cnh quan tm ca nh
Cc bit th t cao thng cha thng tin trc quan quan trng Cc bit th t thp thng cha cc chi tit tinh t
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[10000000]
[01000000]
[00100000]
[00001000]
[00000100]
[00000001]
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Reconstructed image using only bit planes 8 and 7 Reconstructed image using only bit planes 8, 7 and 6 Reconstructed image using only bit planes 7, 6 and 5
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Tm tt
Chng ta tm hiu cc kiu ci thin nh khc nhau thao tc ln bit

VN ImageProcessing4 ImageEnhancement (PointProcessing)

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VN ImageProcessing4 ImageEnhancement (PointProcessing)

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X L NH S:

C s ci thin nh trong min k.gian

1.0 r > threshold 0.0 r <= threshold

V d x l im nh: ct ngng (tt)

1.0 r > threshold 0.0 r <= threshold

Bin i Logarithmic (tt)

Bin i Logarithmic (tt)

Cc ng cong lm ni cc chi tit khc nhau

Hiu chnh Gamma

Mt s vn khc v tng phn

Cc hm chuyn i tuyn tnh phn on (Piecewise)

Ct lt mt bt (Bit Plane Slicing)

Ct lt mt bt (Bit Plane Slicing)

Ct lt mt bt (Bit Plane Slicing)

Ct lt mt bt (Bit Plane Slicing)

Ct lt mt bt (Bit Plane Slicing)

Ct lt mt bt (Bit Plane Slicing)

Ct lt mt bt (Bit Plane Slicing)

Ct lt mt bt (Bit Plane Slicing)

Ct lt mt bt (Bit Plane Slicing)

Ct lt mt bt (Bit Plane Slicing)

Ct lt mt bt (Bit Plane Slicing)

Ct lt mt bt (Bit Plane Slicing)

Ct lt mt bt (Bit Plane Slicing)

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