This document provides an overview of structural concrete design for a university course. It discusses the basic functions of building structural systems in supporting gravity and lateral loads. It also outlines various reinforced concrete structural systems for floors and lateral load resistance, including flat plate, flat slab, one-way joist, two-way waffle, frame, and shear wall systems. Finally, it examines the behavior and design of common reinforced concrete structural elements like beams, columns, slabs, and walls.
This document provides an overview of structural concrete design for a university course. It discusses the basic functions of building structural systems in supporting gravity and lateral loads. It also outlines various reinforced concrete structural systems for floors and lateral load resistance, including flat plate, flat slab, one-way joist, two-way waffle, frame, and shear wall systems. Finally, it examines the behavior and design of common reinforced concrete structural elements like beams, columns, slabs, and walls.
This document provides an overview of structural concrete design for a university course. It discusses the basic functions of building structural systems in supporting gravity and lateral loads. It also outlines various reinforced concrete structural systems for floors and lateral load resistance, including flat plate, flat slab, one-way joist, two-way waffle, frame, and shear wall systems. Finally, it examines the behavior and design of common reinforced concrete structural elements like beams, columns, slabs, and walls.
Dr. E. Sandt Spring 2002 Semester CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 2 Presentation Overview 1. Building system primary functions 2. Types of load 3. RC structural systems 4. RC structural members
CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 3 1. Basic Building System Functions Support gravity loads for strength and serviceability during: 1. Normal use (service) conditions 2. Maximum considered use conditions 3. Environmental loading of varying intensities CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 4 Lateral deflection (sway) Wind or earthquakes Vertical deflection (sag) Dead, Live, etc. Performance-Based Design: Control displacements within acceptable limits during service loading, factored loaded, and varying intensities of environmental loading CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 5 2. Types of Load Gravity: Dead Live Impact Snow Rain/floods Lateral Wind Earthquake Soil lateral pressure Thermal Centrifugal CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 6 3. RC Structural Systems A. Floor Systems B. Lateral Load Systems
CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 7 A. Floor Systems Flat plate Flat slab (w/ drop panels and/or capitals) One-way joist system Two-way waffle system
CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 8 Flat Plate Floor System Slab-column frame system in two-way bending Plan Elevation CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 9 Flat Plate Floor System Advantages: Simple construction Flat ceilings (reduced finishing costs) Low story heights due to shallow floors
Typical Applications: Short-to-medium spans with light loading For LL=50 psi, 15 - 30 spans For LL=100 psi, 15 25 spans
CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 10 Flat Plate w/Spandrel Beam System Plan Elevation CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 11 Flat Plate w/Spandrel Beam System Advantages: Same as flat plate system, plus Increased gravity and lateral load resistance Increased torsional resistance Decreased slab edge displacements
Typical Applications: Same as flat plate systems
CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 12 Flat Plate w/Beams Floor System Gravity and lateral load frames Two-way bending CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 13 Flat Plate w/Beams Floor System Advantages: Increased gravity and lateral load resistance Simple construction Flat ceilings (reduced finishing costs)
Typical Applications: Medium spans with light loading For LL=50 psi, 25 - 30 spans For LL=100 psi, 20 30 spans
CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 14 Flat Slab Floor System Flat plate with drop panels,shear capitals, and/or column capitals Plan Elevation CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 15 Flat Slab Floor System Advantages: Reduced slab displacements Increased slab shear resistance Relatively flat ceilings (reduced finishing costs) Low story heights due to shallow floors
Typical Applications: Medium spans with moderate to heavy loading For LL=50 psi, 30 35 spans For LL=100 psi, 25 35 spans CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 16 One-Way Joist Floor System 2D lateral frames Floor joists, type Rib (joist) slab : (One-way bending) 2D gravity or lateral frames CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 17 One-Way Joist Floor System Lateral space frame Floor joists, type Rib (joist) slab with beams: (One-way bending) CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 18 One-Way Joist Floor System 2 or 3 cc. Joists 4 or 6 cc. Skip joists 5 or 6 cc Wide-module joists Top of Slab 1:12 Slope, type 8-24 for 30 Modules 16-24 for 53 Modules 14-24 for 66 Modules . Width varies 4, 6 or larger Typical Joist CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 19 One-Way Joist Floor System Advantages: Longer spans with heavy loads Reduced dead load due to voids Electrical, mechanical etc. can be placed between voids Good vibration resistance
Typical Applications: Medium-to-long spans with heavy loading For 30 modules, 35 40 spans For 53 & 66 modules, 35 50 spans CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 20 Two-Way Joist Floor System 2D lateral frames Waffle pans, type Waffle slab : (Two-way bending) CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 21 Two-Way Joist Floor System Advantages: Longer spans with heavy loads Reduced dead load due to voids Electrical, mechanical etc. can be placed in voids Good vibration resistance Attractive Ceiling
Typical Applications: Long spans with heavy loading For 3, 4, and 5 modules, 40 50 spans and beyond CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 22 Floor System Effective Cost (PCA 2000) Bay Spacing, ft L i v e
L o a d ,
p s f
100 50 25 30 35 50 One-way joist Flat Slab Flat Plate CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 23 B. Lateral Load Systems Frame Overview Flat plate (& slab)-column (w/ and w/o drop panels and/or capitals) frame systems Beam-column frame systems Shear wall systems (building frame and bearing wall) Dual systems (frames and shear walls)
CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 24 Frame: Coplanar system of beam (or slab) and column elements dominated by flexural deformation Planar (2D) Space (3D) CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 25 Basic Behavior Gravity Load Lateral Loading CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 26 2D vs. 3D Frames (Plan) Planar Space Floor joists, type 2 or 4 frames , 2 frames 4 frames , 4 frames CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 27 Frame Advantages Optimum use of floor space, ie. optimal for office buildings, retail, parking structures where open space is required. Relatively simple and experienced construction process Generally economical for low-to mid-rise construction (less than about 20 stories) In Houston, most frames are made of reinforced concrete. CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 28 Frame Disadvantages Generally, frames are flexible structures and lateral deflections generally control the design process for buildings with greater than about 4 stories. Note that concrete frames are about 8 times stiffer than steel frames of the same strength. Span lengths are limited when using normal reinforced concrete (generally less than about 40 ft, but up to about 50 ft). Span lengths can be increased by using pre-stressed concrete.
CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 29 Frame Lateral Load Systems Flat plate-column frame: Plan Elevation Effective slab width CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 30 Frame Lateral Load Systems Beam-column frame: Elevation CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 31 Frame Lateral Load Systems Diaphragm (shear) element: Carries lateral loading to the lateral load resisting system Lateral load frame, type. Plate element Deformed shape - Lateral load distributes to frames proportional to tributary area CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 32 Frame Lateral Load Systems For relatively square plans, diaphragms are generally considered rigid Space frame with square plan Deformed shape has constant lateral displacement - No diaphragm flexibility, ie. lateral load distributes to frame proportional to frame stiffness CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 33 Shear Wall Lateral Load Systems Shear wall Elevation Edge column Interior gravity frames Shear deformations generally govern CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 34 Shear Wall Lateral Load Systems Gravity frames Shear walls Coupling beams Elevator shaft configuration Hole CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 35 Dual Lateral Load Systems Lateral frames 25% of lateral load, minimum Shear walls Wall-Frame Dual System: Hole CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 36 4. Structural Members Beams Columns Slabs/plates/shells/folded plates Walls/diaphragms
CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 37 Beam Elements Defn: Members subject to bending and shear
Elastic Properties: k b = f ( EI/L n ) (bending) s = My/I (normal stress) k s = GA/L (shear) v = VQ/Ib (shear stress) d b = f (load, support conditions, L, E, I) (bending) V V L E,I,A M M d 2 ,Q 2 d 1 ,Q 1 CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 38 Column Elements Defn: Members subject to bending, shear, and axial
Elastic Properties: k a = EA/L (axial) s a = F/A (normal stress) k b = f ( EI/L n ) (bending) s b = My/I (normal stress) k s = GA/L (shear) v = VQ/Ib (shear stress) d b = f (load, support conditions, L, E, I, A) (normal) V V L E,I,A M M F F d 2 ,Q 2 d 1 ,Q 1 d 3 CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 39 Slab/Plate Elements Defn: Members subject to bi-directional bending & shear
x y z M x , M y , and V z
Q x , Q y , and d z
CVEN 444 Structural Concrete Design 40 Wall/Diaphragm Elements Defn: Members subject to shear