Suci Maulidia 1110312016 Duiila Husaina 1110312046 Amalia Emrizal 1110312076 Yulia Eka Hastuti 1110312106 Meilani 1110312136 Puti Risani 1110313009 Adhy Saputra 1110313039 Rana Zara Athaya 1110313069 Ismail Abdullah 1110314006 Nutrition Drugs Habit Psychological Hormone Nutrients needed by the fetus during pregnancy is closely related to setting the nutritional needs of mothers during pregnancy so that the needs of calories, protein, vitamin, mineral, and fluid adequate for the nutritional needs of the mother, fetus and placenta. Habit Habit of alcohol consumption can lead to a broad spectrum of birth defects or fetal alcohol syndrome
Psychological Pregnant women who are in conditions of stress can cause vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels that lead to disruption of blood circulation to the placenta. Hormones hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) Relaxin hCS (human chorionic somatotropin) Estrogen Progesteron
Method of abdominal exam Inspection: Size of the uterus: assess If the length & breadth are both increased multiple pregnancies, polyhydramnios If the length is increased only large baby Shape of the uterus: length should be larger than broad this indicates longitudinal lie. But if the uterus is low and broad indicates transverse fetus lie. Fetal movement Contour of the abdomen: full bladder may be visible in late pregnancy. Umbilicus may become everted Skin changes: look for stretch marks, linea nigra, scars that indicates previous surgeries
Palpation: by Leopold maneuver-4 maneuvers Palpate the fundus (to determine if it contains breech, head) By gentle pressure: if soft consistency/ indefinite outline breech If hard, smooth, well defined head Move your fingertips over the fetal mass to determine mobility and sixe If cant move independent from the body breech If moves freely between fingertips head Lateral palpation: (determine the position of the fetal back and small parts)
Hands are placed on each side of the umbilicus. The fetal spine will palpate as firm, flat and linear. The fetal extremities are palpable by their varying contour and movements. The purpose of this maneuver is to determine whether the fetal back is left or right.
Pelvic palpation: 2 maneuvers
Grasp the lower poles of the uterus between fingers and thumbs and comment of the size, flexion and mobility of the head. To determine the position of the vertex presentation: try to palpate the prominences If the sinciput is higher the occiput well flexed If both prominances are at the same level deflexed If cant palpate the prominances, and the bulk of the head is felt at the same side of the back extended After you examine a pregnant women you should answer the following questions 1. What is the fundal height? It is estimated by centimeters from upper border of the fundus to the pubis symphasis by taping measure. The height of the fundus correlates well with the gestational age especially during the weeks of pregnancy. 2. lie of the fetus: only longitudinal lie is normal 3. Attitude: normally it is full flexion and every fetal joint is flexed. 4. presentation: normally cephalic 5. position: according to the dominator 6. Is the vertex engaged? Examination during labor 1. Palpate uterine contractions 2. Assessment of the cervix dilatation 1 finger 1-2 cm dilated 2 fingers 3-4 cms dilated 3 fingers 5-6 cms dilated 4 fingers 7-10 cms dilated
3. Effacement of the cervix: thinning of the cervix (%) or length (cm). The cervix is normally 3-5 cms. If cervix is about 2 cm from external to internal os 50% effaced 50% effaced 100% effaced 4. Consistency of the cervix: soft vs. hard. During labor the cervix becomes soft. 5. Position of the cervix: posterior vs. anterior. During labor the cervix changes from posterior to anterior. 6. Membrane is intact or ruptured: assessed by fluid collection in the vagina
About 55 percent of maternal deaths due to bleeding associated with malnutrition or poor nutrition during pregnancy. Nutrition during pregnancy is a major factor that affects the health of babies to be born. If a given quality and nutritional balance, quality of the next generation will be more secure too. Therefore, healthcare, both maternal and infant health at birth, during pregnancyis a priority. Mother's body condition closely correlated with the condition of the baby's body. If a pregnant woman is a healthy body condition, automatically fetus inside the womb will be healthier. The baby will grow and develop optimally.
Health of pregnant women and babies in the womb is strongly influenced by the nutrients consumed. If a complete and balanced nutritional intake, mothers do not have to worry about their own health and the baby was unborn. When pregnant women, some nutrition plays a very important for the development of your baby Folic Acid Folic Acid Folic Acid or help reduce the risk of babies born with disabilities such as spinal deformity, or spina bifida. Folic acid is found in broccoli, cabbage, beans, and oranges. Meet the intake of Folic Acid Mother until 12 weeks gestation. Omega fats (omega fats) Omega-3 fatty acids important in assisting the development of your baby's nervous system. A study shows that consumption of omega-3 fats during pregnancy, will make babies smarter. Oily fish such as sardines, mackerel and salmon are a source of omega 3 fatty acids.
Iron and Vitamin C Iron is needed to carry extra oxygen in red blood cells of mother. It's important for your baby's brain development. Iron deficiency anemia is also open opportunities or lack of blood. Mother becomes easily tired, lethargic, and pale. Iron intake can be from red meat, fish, eggs, dried fruits, grains, cereals, bread, and green leafy vegetables. Or she can request an iron supplement if necessary. Do not forget to take vitamin C to help absorption of iron by the body. Vitamin supplements during pregnancy
ANC is the inspection / surveillance antenatal prenatal care is to optimize physical andmental health of pregnant women, so as to deal with labor, childbirth, preparation forbreastfeeding, and the return of normal reproductive health
ANC goals 1. Monitor the progress of pregnancy and to ensure the health of mother and infantgrowth and development. 2. Improve and maintain physical and mental health and social capital. 3. Know the early abnormalities, complications that may occur during pregnancy include a history of disease in general, obstetrics, and surgery. 4. Mother prepares to run normally during childbirth and breast- feeding exclusively. 5. Preparing for the role of mother and family in order to receive the birth of a baby can grow and develop optimally. ANC visits should be conducted at least four times during pregnancy are: 1 time in first trimester 1 times the second trimester 2 times in the third trimester The first examination performed soon after a missed period is known. ANC visit the saint is: - Every month until 28 weeks gestation - Every 2 weeks until 32 weeks gestation - Each one week since 32 weeks gestation until birth occurs. Special examination if there is a specific complaint. Examination of the concept of Pregnancy 1. Anamnesa 2. inspection - General Inspection - Examination of specific obstetric - Investigations 3. Diagnosis / conclusion 4. The differential diagnosis 5. prognosis