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Slide 1
HAZARDS OF WORKING
WITH CRANES
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Slide 2
HAZARDS OF WORKING WITH CRANES
KEY CONCEPTS:
Electrocution Hazards

Compressed, Crushing & Struck-By
Hazards

Other Hazards

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Slide 3
CRANE SAFETY
Did you know that .
99% of all crane operators have difficulty in fully understanding
load charts
Cranes are involved in more serious accidents than any other
type of construction equipment.
There are more construction fatalities caused by cranes &
hoisting equipment than any other single causes.
Electrocutions from contact
between cranes and power
lines account for approximately
40% of all crane related
fatalities.

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Slide 4

Controlling The Problem
Train The Workers
Understand the Regulations

ELECTROCUTION HAZARDS
WARNING!
Crane operators and crew members may be
electrocuted when they work near overhead
power lines
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Slide 5
Comply with Health & Safety requirements for
working around power lines.
CONTROLLING THE PROBLEM

ELECTROCUTION HAZARDS
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Slide 6
Train workers to
follow guidelines
for operating
cranes near
overhead power
lines
ELECTROCUTION HAZARDS
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Slide 7
Current HSE regulations
require employers &
Employees to take
precautions when cranes and
boomed vehicles are operated
near overhead power lines.
HSE REGULATIONS
ELECTROCUTION HAZARDS
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Slide 8
These guidelines recommend posting signs at the
operator's station and on the outside of the crane
warning that electrocution may occur if workers do
not maintain safe minimum clearance that equals
or exceeds the site HSE requirements.
ELECTROCUTION HAZARDS
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Slide 9

50 or below : 10
Above 50 to 200 : 15
Above 200 to 350 : 20
Above 350 to 500 : 25
Above 500 to 750 : 35
Above 750 to 1,000 : 45
Power line voltage Minimum safe phase to
phase (kV) clearance (feet)

ELECTROCUTION HAZARDS
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Slide 10

To protect against electrical shock
injury in the event of contact
between a crane and an energized
line, the following is recommended.

The crane operator should remain
inside the cab.


PROCEDURES TO FOLLOW IF CONTACT OCCURS
ELECTROCUTION HAZARDS
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Slide 11

All other personnel should keep away
from the crane, ropes, and load, since
the ground around the machine might be
energized.

PROCEDURES TO FOLLOW IF CONTACT OCCURS
ELECTROCUTION HAZARDS
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Slide 12
The crane operator should try to remove
the crane from contact by moving it in
the reverse direction from that which
caused the contact.
ELECTROCUTION HAZARDS
PROCEDURES TO FOLLOW IF CONTACT OCCURS
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Slide 13
ELECTROCUTION HAZARDS
PROCEDURES TO FOLLOW IF CONTACT OCCURS
If the crane cannot be moved away from
contact, the operator should remain
inside the cab until the lines have been
de-energized.
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Slide 14
COMPRESSED OR
CRUSHING
HAZARDS
CRANE SAFETY
15 15
Slide 15


Crane operators and crew
members may be CRUSHED
when working near moving
equipment.

COMPRESSED OR CRUSHING HAZARDS
WARNING!

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Slide 16
Swinging superstructure of equipment.

CAUGHT-IN, COMPRESSED OR
CRUSHING HAZARDS

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Slide 17



EXPOSURE TO MOVING PARTS OR
FAULTY EQUIPMENT
Pinch Points
Stabilizers
Faulty equipment?



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Slide 18

To effectively manage
the safe rigging and
hoisting of loads, ensure
that a qualified rigger
oversees all lifting
operations.


FALLING & FAILING LOADS
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Slide 19
Center of Gravity
Know the Weight
Know the Capacity
Retain the Load
Control the Load

KNOW THE LOAD
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Slide 20
THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY LOCATION
EACH LEG OF SLING AND HARDWARE
SHARE 50% OF LOAD
IF C.O.G. IS IN CENTER
SLING 1
5000 LBS
SLING 2
5000 LBS
D2
D1
WEIGHT IS
10000 LBS
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Slide 21
SLING 1
2000 LBS
SLING 2
8000 LBS WEIGHT IS
10000 LBS
D1= 8 ft D2 = 2 ft
THE SHARE OF LOAD ON EACH SLING WILL
NOT BE THE SAME IF C.O.G. NOT IN THE MIDDLE
THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY LOCATION
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Slide 22
THE SHAPE OF THE LOAD
Determines where we place pick points
Affects location of the centre of gravity

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Slide 23
CENTER OF GRAVITY
AND GOOD LOAD STABILITY
Center of gravity is
directly below the load
hook
Connection to load
is above center of
gravity
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Slide 24
KNOW THE CAPACTY
LOAD CHARTS
You must read and understand how they work
WILL INCLUDE :
Crane Type
Capacity
Load Centre
Crane Weight
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Slide 25
The Load Movement Indicators are fully
automatic microprocessor controlled
systems and operational aid that clearly
displays the information and warnings
needed for the driver to operate the crane
within the parameters of the duty chart.
RATED CAPACITY & LOAD
MOMENT INDICATORS

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Slide 26
Duty configuration selected
Hoist drum (winch) selected and the number
of lines (falls) reeved on the hook block
Rated Capacity or maximum permitted load
Actual load lifted
Bar graph indicating the actual load lifted as a
percentage of the rated capacity
Radius of the load angle of the boom
All essential information is
continuously displayed and includes: -
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Slide 27
Out of Radius/Angle/Duty, High/Low
angle,
Out of level, Overhoist, Cut out, Last
winding (Rope on Winch/drum)
Length of the boom
Height of the boom head
Operator adjustable limits with audible
warnings
Warning Messages:
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Slide 28
CONTROL
THE
LOAD
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Slide 29
Be sure path of load is
clear of obstructions
Plan the load
movement and be sure
load will not foul and
is secure

Keep all personnel
clear of load
CONTROL THE LOAD
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Slide 30
CONTROL THE LOAD
Use a tag line when you
need to control load
rotation or swing that may
cause fouling
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Slide 31


Total load is load weight
plus rigging weight
The load can easily be
doubled if load handled
with harsh movements
+
CONTROL THE LOAD
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Slide 32
When a load is handled
roughly with rapid
changes in speed, the
forces on gear can
easily be doubled

Control the Load
LOAD HANDLING AFFECTS
LOADING OF SLINGS AND EQUIPMENT
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Slide 33
Deceleration & Acceleration
Stress
Rapid deceleration or acceleration of the
load adds force or stress to the lifting gear

CONTROL THE LOAD
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Slide 34

RIGGING AND
SLINGING
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Slide 35
Shackles
Hooks
Wire Rope Clips
Wedge Sockets
Eyebolts
Spreader Beams
Slings

RIGGING DEVICES
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Slide 36
SHACKLES


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Slide 37
Never replace a shackle pin with
a bolt. The load will bend the
bolt.

PROPER USE OF SHACKLES
Check with manufacturer for
specifications.



38 38
Slide 38
Bad Good
PROPER USE OF SHACKLES

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Slide 39
Bad Good

PROPER USE OF SHACKLES
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Slide 40


Manufacturers
identification.

Never weld on hooks.

Hooks are designed to apply the load
at the bottom of the saddle.

HOOKS

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Slide 41

The most common use of
wire rope clips on cranes is
at wedge and socket-end
fittings.

The clip does not provide
strength to the wedge and
socket connection.

It is there to prevent the
wedge from accidentally
being released.

WIRE ROPE CLIPS
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Slide 42
Wire Rope Clips
Regular Duty.
Galvanized Malleable
Type 1 Class 2
Heavy Duty.
Galvanized Drop Forged
Type 1 Class 1
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Slide 43
USE CLIPS PROPERLY FOR MAXIMUM
EFFICIENCY
Turn back the specified amount of rope from the
thimble. Apply the first clip one base width from
the dead end of the wire rope. (U-bolt over dead
end live end rests in clip saddle) Tighten nuts
evenly to recommended torque.
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Slide 44
USE CLIPS PROPERLY FOR MAXIMUM
EFFICIENCY
Apply the next clip as near to the loop as possible.
Turn nuts to firm but do not over tighten
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Slide 45
USE CLIPS PROPERLY FOR MAXIMUM
EFFICIENCY
When instructions require more than two clips,
space additional clips evenly in between the
first two, take up rope slack, tighten all nuts
evenly on all clips to recommended torque.
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Slide 46
USE CLIPS PROPERLY FOR
MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY
4
Apply the initial load and tighten all nuts to the
recommended torque. The rope will stretch
and shrink in diameter when loads are applied.
Inspect periodically and re-tighten
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Slide 47
Eyebolts
What should
you avoid when
using eye
bolts?
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Slide 48
Eyebolts
Always load an eyebolt in the plane of the eye.

How should you select the right bolt?

Use plain or shoulderless eye bolts or ring bolts for vertical
loading only.
Angle loading on shoulderless bolts will bend or break
them.
Use shoulder eye bolts for vertical or angle loading.

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Slide 49
How should you use eye bolts safely?

Eyebolts


Orient the eye bolt in line with the slings. If the load is applied
sideways, the eye bolt may bend.

Pack washers between the shoulder and the load surface to ensure
that the eye bolt firmly contacts the surface.

Ensure that the nut is properly torqued.

Engage at least 90% of threads in receiving a hole when using shims or
washers.
Attach only one sling leg to each eye bolt.
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Slide 50

Marked with the
capacity and proof
tested to 125
percent of that
capacity.

Spreader Beam
SPREADER BEAMS
CONSIDERED A LOAD AND CANNOT BE LEFT SUSPENDED UNATTENDED.

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Slide 51
EQUALIZER BEAM



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Slide 52
Sling Types
Sling angles
Sling tension
Various types of hitches
Various types of slings
Inspections and maintenance
ROPE SLINGS

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Slide 53
LIFTING SLINGS


Fibre Rope
Manila
Grip load well and does not mark the surface.
Not used around sharp edges or in hot
environments.

Synthetic
Web Nylon, polyester, Dacron and
polypropylene.
Grip load well and does not mark the surface.
Can take sharp edges better than fiber rope but
still needs to be protected.

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Slide 54

Name or trademark of manufacturer.
Manufacturers code or stock number.
Rated loads for the types of hitches
used.
Type of natural or synthetic materials.
Date of manufacturer.
FIBRE ROPE AND SYNTHETIC WEB
IDENTIFICATION
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Slide 55
Fibre rope and synthetic web slings must
be removed from service if any of the
following defects exist:

Cuts
Worn surface
Fibre breakage
Discoloration
Melted or charred
Pitting or corrosion

FIBRE ROPE AND SYNTHETIC
WEB SLINGS
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Slide 56
Rope Slings
IMPORTANT WARNINGS
Never exceed the Work Load Limit
The Work Load Limit is the maximum load which should
ever be applied to the sling, even when the sling is new
and when the load is uniformly applied straight line pull
only. Avoid side loading.
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Slide 57
Rope Slings
IMPORTANT WARNINGS
Match components properly.
Make certain that components such as hooks, links or
shackles, etc. used with wire rope (or chain or cordage) are
of suitable material and strength to provide adequate safety
protection. Attachments must be properly installed and must
have a Work Load Limit at least equal to the product with
which they are used.
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Slide 58
Rope Slings
IMPORTANT WARNINGS
Keep out from under a raised load.
Conduct all lifting operations in such a manner, that if there
were an equipment failure, no personnel would be injured.
This means keep out from under a raised load and keep out
of the line of force of any load.
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Slide 59
Rope Slings
IMPORTANT WARNINGS
Avoid shock loads.
Avoid impacting, jerking or swinging of load Work Load
Limit will not apply. A shock load is generally significantly
greater than the static load.
Destroy, rather than discard, defective. Items.
They might be used again by someone not aware of the
hazard of the defect.
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Slide 60
Inspect product regularly.
Rope Slings
IMPORTANT WARNINGS
No product can keep operating at its rated capacity
indefinitely.
Periodic inspections help determine when to
replace a product and reduce rigging hazards.
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Slide 61
Rope Slings
Check for visible damage, cracks, wear,
elongation, rust, etc. When in doubt about
the extent of the damage, retire the item
in question immediately.

IMPORTANT WARNINGS
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Slide 62
SLING ANGLES
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Slide 63
How Horizontal Angle Affects Sling Capacity

Note: A good operating practice is to keep sling
angles from going below 60 degrees
SLING ANGLES
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Slide 64
Sling angle factor

Total weight of the load
Number of legs in the hitch

SLING TENSION

Riggers and operators should know how to
determine the sling tension based upon
knowing:
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Slide 65
Where:

L = Length of the sling.


H = Height of the
connection point from
the horizontal plane of
the load.




SLING ANGLE FACTOR
Sling Angle Factor = L/H
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Slide 66
TYPES OF HITCHES


Straight Pull Choker Hitch
(Horizontal Angle)

Basket Hitch



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Slide 67
Quadruple Leg Slings
Reach
= a + b



ALLOY STEEL CHAIN
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Slide 68
Single Leg
Slings

ALLOY STEEL CHAIN
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Slide 69

Frequent
Visual examination by the user.

Periodic
Complete link by link inspection of the
entire sling and all attachments.
Documented


ALLOY STEEL CHAIN INSPECTION
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Slide 70
ALLOY STEEL CHAIN INSPECTION
Alloy Steel Chain Inspection Items

Twists or bends
Nicks or gouges
Excessive wear at bearing points
Stretch
Distorted or damaged master links
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Slide 71

Chain Size
Manufacturers Grade
Rated load and angle
Reach
Number of legs
Manufacturers name
and trademark
Next inspection

ALLOY STEEL CHAIN IDENTIFICATION
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Slide 72
Wire Rope

Should Have
Rated Load (rated capacity)
Load test date
Manufacturers name
Periodic inspection due date
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Slide 73
Broken wires (10 in one lay or 5 in one
strand)
Severe corrosion
Localized wear
Reduction in outer wire
Damaged end fittings
Distortion, kinking, etc
Note: If any of these conditions exist, the wire
rope sling must not be used.


WIRE ROPE SLING INSPECTION
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Slide 74
Wire Rope
Bird Caging

Broken Wires



WIRE ROPE ABUSE
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Slide 75
MAIN HOISTING LINE
Correctly Installed

Correctly Inspected

Correctly Maintained
SHOULD BE !
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Slide 76

Other Hazards
and Concerns

CRANE SAFETY
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Slide 77
PROTECTION FROM EXHAUST FUMES


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Slide 78
WORKING DURING INCLEMENT WEATHER
Lightning and Thunderstorms
High wind and heavy rains
Know the Procedures for securing cranes in storms
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Slide 79

Potentially unacceptable
risk of personnel injury or
property damage

Release of undesirable
conditions

Undetectable damage

Significant work delay
CRITICAL LIFTS
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Slide 80

regulations must be
thoroughly reviewed.

Requirements for
platform users and crane
operators are reviewed.

Pre-lift meeting must be
held.

CRANE SUSPENDED
PERSONNEL PLATFORM
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Slide 81
CRANE SAFETY

SAFE LIFTING SAVES LIVES