BI M U

MN NG PHP
B MN NHT BN HC - HK4
Ngy 25 thng 2 nm 2013
Thi gian : 17h45-20h45
Ging vin : H Th L Thy
Lp Nht 2
A. CHNG TRNH GING DY
1. LCH TRNH:
- Ngy hc : Th Hai
- Gi hc : 17h45-20h45
- Thi gian : 25/02/2013 - 03/06/2013 (15 tun)

2. GIO TRNH :
- Kana nyumon
- Minna no Nihongo Shokyu 1 (Bn ting Nht v bn
dch ting Vit)
- Minna no Nihongo Shokyu 1-Hyoujyun monndaishyu

3. NI DUNG GING DY
- Mi tun 1 bi
- Bao gm: Bunkei (mu cu), Reibun (cu v d), Renshyu
(A+B), Mondai (tr phn nghe + c hiu)
- Hyojyun mondaishyu (Gio vin c hiu m nhim)

4. QUY NH KIM TRA
- Lm bi tp gio vin cho v nh y .
- u mi bui s kim tra bi tp v nh. Cho im nh gi
thm cho im kim tra gia hc k.
- Tt chung in thoi trong gi hc
- Khng ngh qu nhiu gi hc (trn 30% s gi hc).
- Nu c bng ting Nht N2 tr ln c min gi ln lp
nhng phi tham gia k thi gia k.




B. KHI QUT V TING NHT
- Trc thi Nara (Nm 710), Nht Bn cha c ch
vit ca ring h.
- Trong giai on Nara (710-794), t tin ngi Nht
Bn phng theo nhng ch vit ca Trung Hoa
mang vo Nht th hin ting Nht.
- Nhng ch vit nh vy gi l Mayonaga.
Mayonaga c s dng trong nhng sch c.
- V d: Trong sch c Mayoshu, Kojiki,
Nihonshoki.
- Loi ch Kana ca Nht Bn c hnh thnh
da trn loi ch Mayonaga.
- Ch vit ca ngi Nht mang nt vn ha c
trng ring, khc vi ch vit Trung Hoa.


- H thng ch vit ca ting Nht :

1. Hn t (Kanji)
2. Kiu ch n m mm (Hiragana)
3. Kiu ch n m cng (Katakana)

- Kanji c th vit bng ch Kana
- Kanji khng cn thit khi ni.
- Hc ting Nht giai on u l bt u hc ch
Kana
- Khi nm c ch Kana, c th giao tip mc
no .
BNG CH
HIRAGANA - KATAKANA
KANJI HN T
(KANJI)


(NIHONGO)


I. <Kanamoji (Hiragana and Katakana)>
1. Kanamoji (ch Kana) l g?
- Tn gi chung ca ch Hiragana v Katakana.
- Loi ch ny c th c xem tng ng nh bng ch ci
ting Anh.
- Kana c 46 loi ch n m.
- Hiragana c sng ch nhm thay th nhng ch vit qu
kh mayonaga thi Heian (794-1192).
- Hiragana c to thnh hnh dng n gin, c ngun
gc t ch vit Trung Hoa. Hiragana c th gi l
Ultimate Sosho (kiu ch tho y ).


V d ch (HIRAGANA) c thay i nh sau.


Katakana c sng ch vit ch d dng hn thi Heian
(794-1192).
Katakana c to thnh bng vic s dng mt phn ca ch
Kanji.
Hnh dng ca Katakana th cng v n gin.
V d, ch " c to thnh t vic ly phn bn tri ca
Kanji sau :




























2. Pht m ca ch Kana
Ch Kana c 46 kiu ch tng ng vi 46
n v m chun. Chng c gi l cc Seion.
Ngoi ra cn c cc loi m nh :
Dakuon,
Handakuon,
Yoon(),
Sokuon,
Chouon (trng m ) .
Tokushoon c thm vo vit nhng t vay
mn (WiWe).


3. S dng ch Kana

- C th vit mt cu hon ton bng loi ch
Kana.
- Tuy nhin, cu ch c ch Kana s c vi t
kh hiu, v n s tr thnh cu rt kh
c.
- V vy, ngi Nht s dng c Kanamoji v
Kanji.
- Mi ch Kana khng c ngha. Vic s dng
Kanamoji trong cc trng hp sau :

Hiragana
- Phn cui ng t (, phn cui tnh t
- Tr t, tr ng t
- Nhng t khng c kanji
- Ch ra cch c ca kanji ()
Katakana
- T nc ngoi, t vay mn, ting Anh kiu Nht
- Tn nc ngoi v tn a danh
- Nhng t lin quan trong khoa hc hay k thut
- Tn ng vt hay thc vt
- T tng thanh

4. T vay mn v ting Anh kiu Nht
- Nht Bn l quc gia s dng nhiu t vay mn.
Katakana c s dng vit nhng t vay
mn, tn nc ngoi v tn a danh.
- T vay mn l t c thit lp vi ngha gc.
- T ting Anh kiu Nht c xy dng bi kt
hp cc t ting Anh. Mc d nghe th ging
ting Anh nhng s din t khc vi ngha ting
Anh gc. V vy m, ch c ngi Nht c th
hiu Ting Anh kiu Nht. V t loi ny c kh
nhiu nn d b nhm ln vi ting Anh gc.
- Tham kho v d trong ti liu in (trang 5)

II. <Kanji (Chinese character)>
1. Kanji l g?
- Hn t xut pht t Trung Hoa. Tuy nhin, Hn t ca Nht
Bn th c ci tin nhm ch vit n gin hn.
- V d : nguyn bn ca ch l . C nhiu
kanji m vn ha ch vit Nht to nn.
- C khong 10,000 hoc hn trong t in Hoa-Nht.
- C khong 6000 Kanji hoc hn c th c s dng trn
my tnh.
- Hin nay, c khong 2000 Kanji thng dng.


- Kanji c th c vit bng cch s dng ch Kana.
- Nu vy, ti sao chng ta c th s dng Kanji?
- Kanji c thun li l chng ta c th hiu ngha qua hnh
dng ca n.
- V d , t Kanji c th c vit bng Hiragana.
Tuy nhin, cng c mt s t cng pht m l nh
(Chinese character), (organizer), (inspector),
(feeling), tn ca ngi no cng tn l Kanji. Tuy
nhin, nu n vit bng ch Hn t, chng ta c th hiu ch
mt ngha bi nhn thy t . ng nhin, nu chng ta
khng bit Kanji, th cng khng hiu ngha nt. V vy, tht
quan trng hc Kanji.

2. Pht m ca Kanji
- Kanji c hai cch c. Theo cch "On-yomi" v "Kun-
yomi".
- On-yomi l cch c kiu gc Trung hoa. "Kun-yomi" l
cch c gc ca Nht.
- Okurigana c thm vo mt Kanji trong nhiu trng
hp. Bn trong ca du ngoc n ca v d sau y l
Okurigana.


3. T (Cch din t)
- Kanji c ngha trong mi ch v tng ng vi
mt t.
- Chng c th kt hp v c th to thnh nhng t
c ngha khc nhau.
- S ca nhng t c th ln n hng chc ngn.

4. Thnh ng (t) ghp t bn ch kanji
Ngoi nhng t s dng thng thng, c
khong 1000 hoc hn na loi 4 ch kanji
kt hp to nn thnh ng. c trng l n
mang s lng ln thng tin so vi s k t.
Xem v d trang 7 trong ti liu copy.

5. B (trong Hn t)
B l mt b phn cu thnh ca Hn t.
Chng c xem nh mt tiu chun nhm phn loi Hn t.
T in Hn t cng c sp xp theo mi b.
Khi tm Kanji m khng bit cch pht m, c th tm theo b.
Kanji c cng b thnh thong c im chung trong ngha.


III. Nhng k t ngoi Kana hay Kanji
1. Nhng k hiu nh du cu
- Nhng k hiu dng ngt cu c s dng
trong ting Nht l Kuten v Touten ,
- - Kuten th tng ng vi du chm cu trong
ting Anh. N lun c s dng cui cu.
- Touten c s dng m lm cho cu d
c v d hiu. C th vit uy nhin, khng c
quy nh r rng khi no s dng hay,.

3. Nhng k t khc
" : Thng c s dng cho mc t ca ti liu.
N c s dng khi a vo cng t hay v cu
ging nhau.
" - " : Ch s ko di m ca nguyn m. Hng vit
ph thuc vo hng ca bi vit.
: C ngha l tn. V d : ngha
t th hai n th Su.
: Tng t nh trong ting Anh
: l du trch dn trong ting Nht.

2. Nhng k hiu lp li
- Ting Nht khng c dng vn phm s
nhiu nh ting Anh.
- Tuy nhin, c mt kanji c th ch ra s
nhiu bi vic lp li.
- Nhng k hiu lp li ca Kanji l
- V d :
(hito) a person (hitobito) people
(toki) time (tokidoki) sometimes

IV. MT S CU CHO HI V CU S DNG
TRONG LP HC
1. Cu cho hi v cch ni hng ngy
- Ohaiyo gozaimasu (Cho bui
sng)
- Konnichiwa (Cho bui tra v chiu)
(Cho hi ni chung)
- Konbanwa (Cho bui ti)
- Oyasuminasai (Chc ng ngon)
- Sayonara (Tm bit)
- Arigatou gozaimasu (Cm n)
- Sumimasen (Xin li)
- Onegaishimasu (Lm phin anh/ch)

2. Cu s dng trong lp hc
- Hajimemasyo (Chng ta (hy) bt u)
- Owarimasyou (Chng ta (hy) dng y)
- Yasumimasyou (Chng ta (hy) ngh.
- Wakarimasuka (Anh/Ch c hiu khng?)
- Hai, wakarimasu (Vng, ti hiu)
- Iye, wakarimasen (Khng, ti khng hiu)
- Mou ichido,onegaishimasu (Xin hy nhc li)
- Kekko desu (c)
- Dame desu (Khng c)
- ()Namae (tn)
- ()Siken (Bi thi)() Syukudai (Bi tp v nh)
- ()Shistumon (Cu hi), ()Kotae (Cu tr li), (
)Rei (V d)