..

is the transfer of
information over a
distance , without
the use of
electrical
conductors/wires.

a transition from
point-to-point communication

towards
person-to-person
communication

Mobile radio
telephone systems
preceded modern
cellular mobile
telephony
technology. These
systems are
sometimes
retroactively
referred to as pre
cellular (or
sometimes Zero
Generation)
systems.

First Mobile Radio Telephone-1924
Used analog radio signal.
Introduced in 1980s
Uses FDMA

The various standards--
NMT in Nordic countries- Sweden, Norway,
Denmark and Finland ( )

AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) in
the United
States(1983) and Australia ( )

TACS (Total Access Communications
System) in the United Kingdom ( )
As Its Analog So It Was Highly Susceptible To Noise

Traffic Was Not Encrypted So Anyone Could
Eavesdrop By Tuning To The Correct Frequency
It was launched in the year in FINLAND.
2G Wireless
The technology of most current DIGITAL
mobile phones-TDMA + CDMA

Features includes:
- Phone calls
- Voice mail
- Receive simple TEXT messages

Speed: 10kbits/sec
Time to download a 3min MP3 song:
31-41 min
Different variants of 2G
GSM
(TDMA)
IS-95
CDMA one
PDC
(TDMA)
iDEN
(TDMA)
IS-136
D-AMPS
GSM
DIGITAL CELLULAR SYSTEM
CIRCUIT SWITCH SYSTEM
IS-95
FIRST CDMA BASED DIGITAL CELLULAR
BRAND NAME FOR IS-95 IS CDMA1
PDC
DEVELOPED EXCLUSIVELY IN JAPAN
COMPARED TO GSM,HAS A WEAKER BROADCAST
I-DEN
DEVELOPED BY MOTOROLA
CAN HAVE VIRTUALLY UNLIMITED
TALKING GROUPS
D-AMPS
ADDS TDMA TO AMPS
TRIPLES THE NO. OF CALLS THAT CAN BE
HANDLED ON A SINGLE AMPS CHANNEL
The Best Technology now widely available


Features includes:
- camera phones
- high speed packet data
- GPRS
- Send/receive large email messages
- Web browsing
- Navigation/maps
- New updates


Speed: 64-144kb/sec
Time to download a 3min MP3 song:
6-9min


Features include:


I-MODE DATA SERVICE.
CAMERA PHONES.
HIGH SPEED CIRCUIT SWITCHED
GPRS
EDGE

2G networks were built mainly for voice data and slow
transmission. Due to rapid changes in user expectation, they do
not meet today's wireless needs.
Cellular mobile telecommunications networks are being upgraded
to use 3G technologies from 1999 to 2010. Japan was the first
country to introduce 3G nationally, and in Japan the transition to
3G was largely completed in 2006. Korea then adopted 3G
Networks soon after and the transition was made as early as
2004.



Combines a mobile phone, laptop PC
and TV

Features includes:
- Phone calls/fax
- Global roaming
- Send/receive large email messages
- High-speed Web
- Navigation/maps
- Videoconferencing
- TV streaming
- Electronic agenda meeting reminder.


Speed: 144kb/sec-2mb/sec
Time to download a 3min MP3 song:
11sec-1.5min
Capability To Support Circuit And Packet Data At High
Bit Rates:
or higher in high mobility (vehicular) traffic
for pedestrian traffic
or higher for indoor traffic

Interoperability and roaming

Common billing/user profiles:
Sharing of usage/rate information between service
providers
Standardized call detail recording
Standardized user profiles

Capability to determine geographic position of
mobiles and report it to both the network and the
mobile terminal

Support of multimedia services/capabilities:
Fixed and variable rate bit traffic Bandwidth on
demand
Multimedia mail store and forward
Broadband access up to
UMTS- This Is Main 3G Technology That Uses WCDMA..

WCDMA (WIDEBAND CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS)


-WCDMA is the higher speed transmission protocol in the UMTS
system
-Radio channels are 5MHz wide.
-Supports two basic modes of duplex:
frequency division and time division(15 slots/radio frame).
-Multiuser detection can be used to increase capacity and coverage
-operators like VODAFONE, SINGTEL, AT&T, TIM.


Audio/ Video.
VOIP.
Still image.
Moving images.
Virtual home environment.
Downloading softwares.



Features include:
- A spectrally efficient system.
- High network capacity.
- Huge data rate.
- Smooth hand off
- Seamless connectivity & global roaming.
- High quality of service.
-An all IP. Packet switched network.


Speed:
Suppose to allow data transfer up to
outdoor and indoor.

networks have been particularly designed to
accommodate WLANs and PANs based on Bluetooth
technologies.
suffers bandwidth limitations to accommodate these
networks

Technology 3G 4G
Frequency band 1.8 - 2.5GHz 2 - 8GHz
Bandwidth 5-20MHz 15-200MHz
Data rate Up to 2Mbps
100Mbps moving -
1Gbps stationary
Switching Circuit/Packet Packet

Data Communications And Networking- B. A.
Forouzan
www.Wikipedia.com
www.nmscommunications.com
www.mobilealliance.com
Encarta Encyclopedia


SAYAN GHOSH -
SUJAN RAY -
ANJUMA HOSSAIN -
GOURAB BISWAS -
MEHJABEEN SULTANA

DEPARTMENT COMPUTER SCIENCE