16 Switching

Naveen Patel
Naveen Patel
Hub function at the Physical layer (Layer 1)
It is not an intelligent Device
It works with 0s and 1s (Bits)
It works with broadcast
Bandwidth is shared
It has 1 Broadcast Domain and 1 Collision Domain
Collisions are identified using Access Methods called
CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA
Hub
Naveen Patel
Broadcast Domain & Collision Domain
Broadcast Domain
Set of all devices that receive broadcast frames
originating from any device within the set.
Collision domain
In Ethernet, the network area within which frames that
have collided are propagated is called a collision
domain.
A collision domain is a network segment with two or
more devices sharing the same bandwidth.
Repeaters and hubs propagate collisions, LAN switches,
bridges, and routers do not.
Naveen Patel
Switches function at Datalink layer (Layer 2)
It is An Intelligent device
It maintains MAC address table (hardware address)
Each port of the switch have fixed bandwidth
It works with Flooding and Unicast
It has 1 Broadcast domain and Number of Collision
domains depends upon the number of ports.

Switch
Naveen Patel
Types of Switches
Manageable switches
On a Manageable switch an IP address can be assigned
and configurations can be made. It has a console port .

Unmanageable switches
On an Unmanageable switch configurations cannot be
made, an IP address cannot be assigned as there is no
console port.
Naveen Patel
Bridge Vs Switch
Bridges are software
based
Bridges have lesser
no. of ports
Generally used for
connecting two
different topology
(Segment)
Switches are hardware
based
Switches have higher
no. of ports
Generally used for
connecting single
topology (Segment)
Bridge Switch
Naveen Patel
It is a Network layer device (Layer 3)
It is an Intelligent device
It works with Logical Addressing (i.e. IP,IPX,AppleTalk)
It works with Fixed bandwidth
Number of Broadcast domains depends upon the
number of ports and Number of Collision domains
depends upon the number of ports.
Router
Naveen Patel
How many Broadcast &
Collision Domains
E0
E1
Naveen Patel
Broadcast Domains
E0
E1
Naveen Patel
Collision Domains
E0
E1
Naveen Patel
Cisco divided the Switches into 3 Layers

Access Layer Switches
Switches Series : 1900 & 2900

Distribution Layer Switches
Switches Series : 3000 & 5000

Core Layer Switches
Switches Series : 7000, 8000 & 10,000
Ciscos Hierarchical Design for switches
Naveen Patel
Access Layer Switch
Naveen Patel
Switch MAT Formation
2
3
4 1
2
1
3
4
Naveen Patel
Switching Modes
Three types of Switching Mode :
Store & Forward
Fragment Free
Cut through
A Default switching method for distribution layer switches.
Latency : High
Error Checking : Yes
It is also referred to as Modified Cut-Through
A Default Switching method for access layer switches.
Latency : Medium
Error Checking : On 64 bytes of Frame
A Default switching method for the core layer
switches
Latency : Low
Error Checking : No
Latency is the total time taken for a Frame to pass
through the Switch. Latency depends on the switching
mode and the hardware capabilities of the Switch.
Naveen Patel
Whenever, a Frame is received by the Switch
Stores the complete Frame
Runs CRC on complete Frame
If, Error If, No Error
Contact Source
Transport Layer
Check MAT
If, Entry
is there
If, Entry
is not
there
Unicast Flooding
STORE AND FORWARD
Naveen Patel
Fragment Free
Checks the first 64 Bytes of the Frame
Check for 64 bytes of the Frame Header
If, Error
If, No Error
Contact Source
Transport Layer
Check MAT
If, Entry
is there
If, Entry
is not
there
Unicast Flooding
Naveen Patel
Cut-through Mode
Check MAT
If, Entry
is there
If, Entry
is not
there
Unicast Flooding
Naveen Patel
CATALYST 2900 XL SERIES Switch
Naveen Patel
Naveen Patel
Console Connectivity
Connect a rollover cable to the Switch console port
(RJ-45 connector).

Connect the other end of the rollover cable to the
RJ-45 to DB-9 adapter

Attach the female DB-9 adapter to a PC Serial Port.

Open emulation software on the PC.
Naveen Patel
Emulation Software
WINDOWS

Start Programs Accessories Communications
HyperTerminal HyperTerminal.
Give the Connection Name & Select Any Icon
Select Serial (Com) Port where Switch is Connected.
In Port Settings Click on Restore Defaults

LINUX
# minicom -s
Naveen Patel
Console Connectivity
E0
LAN - 192.168.1.0/24
Con 0
Naveen Patel
Naveen Patel
Naveen Patel
Naveen Patel
Naveen Patel
Naveen Patel
Naveen Patel
Naveen Patel
abc
Naveen Patel
Naveen Patel
Naveen Patel
Naveen Patel
Naveen Patel
Naveen Patel
C2950 Boot Loader (C2950-HBOOT-M) Version 12.1(11r)EA1, RELEASE SOFTWARE
Compiled Mon 22-Jul-02 17:18 by antonino
WS-C2950-24 starting...
Base ethernet MAC Address: 00:0f:90:b2:ad:40
Xmodem file system is available.
Initializing Flash...
flashfs[0]: 82 files, 4 directories
flashfs[0]: 0 orphaned files, 0 orphaned directories
flashfs[0]: Total bytes: 7741440
flashfs[0]: Bytes used: 5985792
flashfs[0]: Bytes available: 1755648
flashfs[0]: flashfs fsck took 7 seconds.
...done initializing flash.
Boot Sector Filesystem (bs:) installed, fsid: 3
Parameter Block Filesystem (pb:) installed, fsid: 4
Loading "flash:/c2950-i6q4l2-mz.121-19.EA1c.bin"...#############################
#######################################################################
#######################################################################
#######################################################################
Naveen Patel
File "flash:/c2950-i6q4l2-mz.121-19.EA1c.bin" uncompressed and installed, entry
point: 0x80010000
executing...
Restricted Rights Legend
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is
subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph
(c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted
Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph
(c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.
cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, California 95134-1706
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) C2950 Software (C2950-I6Q4L2-M), Version 12.1(19)EA1c,
RELEASE SOFTWARE
(fc2)
Copyright (c) 1986-2004 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Mon 02-Feb-04 23:29 by yenanh
Image text-base: 0x80010000, data-base: 0x8058A000

Naveen Patel
Initializing flashfs...
flashfs[1]: 82 files, 4 directories
flashfs[1]: 0 orphaned files, 0 orphaned directories
flashfs[1]: Total bytes: 7741440
flashfs[1]: Bytes used: 5985792
flashfs[1]: Bytes available: 1755648
flashfs[1]: flashfs fsck took 7 seconds.
flashfs[1]: Initialization complete.
Done initializing flashfs.
POST: System Board Test : Passed
POST: Ethernet Controller Test : Passed
ASIC Initialization Passed
POST: FRONT-END LOOPBACK TEST : Passed
cisco WS-C2950-24 (RC32300) processor (revision N0) with 20808K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID FOC0814T119
Last reset from system-reset
Running Standard Image
24 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
32K bytes of flash-simulated non-volatile configuration memory
Naveen Patel
Base ethernet MAC Address: 00:0F:90:B2:AD:40
Motherboard assembly number: 73-5781-12
Power supply part number: 34-0965-01
Motherboard serial number: FOC08140FBW
Power supply serial number: DAB0812572D
Model revision number: N0
Motherboard revision number: B0
Model number: WS-C2950-24
System serial number: FOC0814T119
00:00:14: %SPANTREE-5-EXTENDED_SYSID: Extended SysId enabled for type vlan
00:00:18: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted --
IOS (tm) C2950 Software (C2950-I6Q4L2-M), Version 12.1(19)EA1c, RELEASE SOFTWARE
(fc2)
Copyright (c) 1986-2004 by cisco Systems, Inc.
00:00:21: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/8, changed state to up
00:00:22: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/8,
Naveen Patel
00:00:22: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/8,
changed state to up
00:00:23: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/9, chang
ed state to up
00:00:23: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/10, chan
ged state to up
ged state to up
ged state to up
00:00:14: %SPANTREE-5-EXTENDED_SYSID: Extended SysId enabled for type vlan
00:00:18: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted --
00:00:49: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to administratively
down
00:00:50: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to
down

--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no
Naveen Patel
Switch>
Switch>
Switch#
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 1427 bytes
!
version 12.1
no service pad
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Switch
!
!
!

-More--
enable
show running-config
User Mode
Privileged
Mode
Naveen Patel
spanning-tree mode pvst
no spanning-tree optimize bpdu transmission
spanning-tree extend system-id
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
--More--
Naveen Patel
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
--More--

Naveen Patel
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
--More--

Naveen Patel
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
--more--

Naveen Patel
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
interface Vlan1
no ip address
no ip route-cache
shutdown
!
ip http server
!
!
line con 0
line vty 0 15
!
End

Naveen Patel
Switch#
IOS (tm) C2950 Software (C2950-I6Q4L2-M), Version 12.1(19)EA1c, RELEASE SOFTWARE
(fc2)
Copyright (c) 1986-2004 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Image text-base: 0x80010000, data-base: 0x8058A000
ROM: Bootstrap program is C2950 boot loader
Switch uptime is 2 minutes
System returned to ROM by power-on
System image file is "flash:/c2950-i6q4l2-mz.121-19.EA1c.bin"
cisco WS-C2950-24 (RC32300) processor (revision N0) with 20808K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID FOC0814T119
Last reset from system-reset
Running Standard Image
24 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
32K bytes of flash-simulated non-volatile configuration memory.
--more--
Switch#
show startup-config
startup-config is not present
show version
Naveen Patel
Base ethernet MAC Address: 00:0F:90:B2:AD:40
Motherboard assembly number: 73-5781-12
Power supply part number: 34-0965-01
Motherboard serial number: FOC08140FBW
Power supply serial number: DAB0812572D
Model revision number: N0
Motherboard revision number: B0
Model number: WS-C2950-24
System serial number: FOC0814T119
Configuration register is 0xF
Switch#
Directory of flash:/
2 -rwx 2980731 Mar 01 1993 00:03:19 c2950-i6q4l2-mz.121-19.EA1c.bin
3 -rwx 269 Jan 01 1970 00:01:25 env_vars
4 -rwx 1554 Mar 01 1993 02:05:59 startup-configt
6 -rwx 584 Mar 01 1993 04:05:27 vlan.dat
7 -rwx 110 Mar 01 1993 00:01:45 info
8 drwx 2432 Mar 01 1993 00:04:49 html
86 -rwx 1558 Mar 01 1993 00:20:22 start-config
7741440 bytes total (1755648 bytes free)
show flash
Naveen Patel
Mac Address Table
-------------------------------------------
Vlan Mac Address Type Ports
---- ----------- -------- -----
All 000f.90b2.ad40 STATIC CPU
All 0100.0ccc.cccc STATIC CPU
All 0100.0ccc.cccd STATIC CPU
All 0100.0cdd.dddd STATIC CPU
1 0000.0c09.9677 DYNAMIC Fa0/24
1 0000.0c34.60cc DYNAMIC Fa0/24
1 0000.0c3b.a686 DYNAMIC Fa0/24
1 0000.0c93.01e1 DYNAMIC Fa0/24
1 0002.4483.5da0 DYNAMIC Fa0/24
1 0002.44d0.279e DYNAMIC Fa0/7
1 000b.2b0e.f2fd DYNAMIC Fa0/8
1 000b.2b0f.6499 DYNAMIC Fa0/9
1 000b.2b0f.659f DYNAMIC Fa0/10
1 000f.90c2.2a18 DYNAMIC Fa0/24
Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 20
switch65# Show mac-address-table
Naveen Patel
Show interface status switch65#
Port Name Status Vlan Duplex Speed Type
Fa0/1 notconnect 1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX
Fa0/7 connected 1 a-full a-100 10/100BaseTX
-- More--
Naveen Patel

Naveen Patel
configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch#
Switch(config)# hostname switch65
interface vlan 1
switch65(config-if)#
ip address 192.168.20.65 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
exit
line vty 0 15
switch65(config-line)#
switch65(config-line)# exit
login
password zoom
switch65(config)#
switch65(config)# line con 0
password zoom
login
exit
switch65(config)#
Global Configuration
Mode
switch65(config)# Interface Vlan 1
switch65(config-if)# ip address <ip> <mask>
switch65(config-if)# no shutdown
Naveen Patel
switch65(config)#
switch65(config)#
switch65(config)#
enable password ccna
enable secret zoom
exit
switch65#
00:05:52: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
switch65# show running-config
version 12.1
service timestamps log uptime
!
hostname switch65
!
enable secret 5 $1$HCas$c90gclaV5OV309I/TVGbh.
!
--More--
switch65(config)# Enable password
<password>
switch65(config)# Enable Secret
<password>
switch65(config)# ip default-gateway 192.168.20.1
Naveen Patel
ip subnet-zero
!
!
!
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
--more--
Naveen Patel
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
--More--
Naveen Patel
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
--More--
Naveen Patel
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
--More--
Naveen Patel
no ip address
!
interface Vlan1
ip address 192.168.20.65 255.255.255.0
no ip route-cache
!
ip http server
!
line con 0
password zoom
login
line vty 0 15
password zoom
login
!
end
Naveen Patel
switch65#
show startup-config
startup-config is not present
switch65# copy running-config startup-config
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]
switch65# show startup-config
Using 1591 out of 32768 bytes
version 12.1
no service pad
!
hostname switch65
!
enable secret 5 $1$HCas$c90gclaV5OV309I/TVGbh.
!
--More--
Naveen Patel
ip subnet-zero
!
!
!
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
--more--
Naveen Patel
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
--More--
Naveen Patel
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
--More--
Naveen Patel
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
!
no ip address
--More--
Naveen Patel
no ip address
!
interface Vlan1
ip address 192.168.20.65 255.255.255.0
no ip route-cache
!
ip http server
!
line con 0
password zoom
login
line vty 0 15
password zoom
login
!
end
Naveen Patel
Naveen Patel
Naveen Patel
MAC Port
BC
Source: AA
Dest: AC
AA is Ping AC

AA 1
2
3
4 1
2
1
3
4
AA
AB
AC
BB
BC
BD
Naveen Patel
MAC Port
2
3
4 1
2
1
3
4
AA
AB
AC
BB
BC
BD
Source: AC
Dest: AA
AC is Reply
Back to AA

AA 1
AC 1
Packet Will Get Drop
i.e Wont be send back
to the Same port no 1
Naveen Patel
2
3
4 1
2
1
3
4
MAC Port
AA
AB
AC
BB
BC
BD
Source: BB
Dest: BC
BB is Pinging
BC

AA 1
AC 1
BB 3
Naveen Patel
MAC Port
Source: BC
Dest: BB
BC is Replying
back to BB

AA 1
AC 1
BB 3
BC 4
2
3
4 1
2
1
3
4
AA
AB
AC
BB
BC
BD
Naveen Patel
2
3
4 1
2
1
3
4
MAC Port
AA
AB
AC
BB
BC
BD
AA 1
AC 1
BB 3
BC 4
BD 2
AB 1
Naveen Patel

16 Switching

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

16 Switching

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Naveen Patel

You might also like