STREET LIGHTS THAT GLOW ON DETECTING

VEHICLE MOVEMENT
Submitted
By
V.Sravanthi
Sai Sundeeep P.G
false
ABSTRACT
IR Sensors used on either sides of the road send
logic commands for the LEDs at the output to get
glowing for a patch ahead.
Intensity control is also possible by pulse width
modulation based on sensing the movement .
Thus this way of dynamically changing intensity or
off to on helps in saving a lot of energy.
A programmable microcontroller is engaged to
provide different duty cycle .

false
PREVIOUS TECHNOLOGY
High intensity discharge lamp (HID) presently used
for urban street light are based on principle of gas
discharge, thus the intensity is not controllable by
any voltage reduction method as the discharge path
is broken.HID maintenance cost are high.

PRESENT DAY TECHNOLOGY
White Light Emitting Diode (LED) based lamps are
soon replacing the HID lamps in street light.
As these LEDs can switch faster than HID lamps
we can apply PWM concept to these LEDs.
LEDs consume less power compared to HID lamps.
Life time of LEDs is also more.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
MICROCONTROLLER(P89V51RD2)
P89v51RD2 Central Processing Unit
5 V Operating voltage from 0 to 40 MHz
64 kB of on-chip Flash program memory with ISP (In-System Programming) and
IAP (In-Application Programming)
Supports 12-clock (default) or 6-clock mode selection via software or ISP
SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) and enhanced UART
PCA (Programmable Counter Array) with PWM and Capture/Compare functions
Four 8-bit I/O ports with three high-current Port 1 pins (16 mA each)
Three 16-bit timers/counters
Programmable Watchdog timer (WDT)
Eight interrupt sources with four priority levels
Second DPTR register
Low EMI mode (ALE inhibit)
TTL- and CMOS-compatible logic levels
Brown-out detection
Low power modes
Power-down mode with external interrupt wake-up
Idle mode
PDIP40, PLCC44 and TQFP44 packages

false
PIN DIAGRAM OF P89V51RD2
IR RECIEVER (TSOP 1738)
oThe TSOP 1738 is a member of IR remote
control receiver series. This IR sensor
module consists of a PIN diode and a pre
amplifier which are embedded into a single
package.
oThe output of TSOP is active low and it
gives +5V in off state. When IR waves, from
a source, with a centre frequency of 38 kHz
incident on it, its output goes low
IR LED
An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a
special purpose LED that transmits infrared rays in
the range of 760 nm wavelength.
Such LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide
or aluminum gallium arsenide. They, along with IR
receivers, are commonly used as sensors.
The appearance is same as a common LED. Since
the human eye cannot see the infrared radiations,
it is not possible for a person to identify whether
the IR LED is working or not, unlike a common
LED.
To overcome this problem, the camera on a cell
phone can be used. The camera can show us the
IR rays being emanated from the IR LED in a
circuit.

PWM(PULSE WIDTH MODULATION)
The term duty cycle describes the proportion of on time to the regular
interval or period of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power,
because the power is off for most of the time.
Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.
The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is
very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is
on, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch.
PWM works also well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off
nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.
The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the
power supplied to the load is.


PWM(PULSE WIDTH MODULATION)
OPERATION OF PROJECT
Transition of streetlights from dim to bright state.
In the mode of operation, initially when the vehicle is not sensed, all
the streetlights will be in dim state. This is achieved by use of pulse
width modulation technique through the program stored in the
microcontroller.
When a vehicle is not present on the highway, then the streetlights
are made to glow for about 1ms and then for 100ms they are
switched off. Thus, we get streetlights with less brightness.
When a vehicle is sensed, all the streetlights are illuminated for 1ms
and the window of streetlights are illuminated for 100ms. Thus we
have a PWM wave of 99% duty cycle.

SOFT WARE REQUIREMENTS
Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro assemblers, real-
time kernels, debuggers, simulators, integrated environments,
evaluation boards, and emulators for ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3,
XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051 MCU families.

Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level
Language to object code. Desktop compilers produce an
output object code for the underlying microprocessor, but not
for other microprocessors.
i.e the programs written in one of the HLL like C will compile
the code to run on the system for a particular processor like
x86 (underlying microprocessor in the computer).

For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the
Compilers for Unix platform So if one wants to define a
compiler then compiler is a program that translates source
code into object code.
APPLICATIONS
Highways: The highway street lighting system can
implement this concept to decrease the power
consumption .
Industries : The industries can implement this
concept for detecting persons instead of vehicles
to decrease power consumption
Museums : Museums can implement this system
inturn can work as security system

ADVANTAGES
Power saving
LEDs consume less power
Easily implementable
Low cost

BIBILOGRAPHY

The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems
by Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie
Mazidi , Pearson Education.
ATMEL 89S52 Data Sheets.
www.atmel.com
www.beyondlogic.org
www.wikipedia.org
www.howstuffworks.com
www.alldatasheets.com