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Chapter 4
Physical sedimentary
structures
Physical
Plane bedding
The
Lamination
Absence
Bedforms generated by
unidirectional currents
As
Typically their
spacing is 10 to 20
cm or less, and their
height is less than a
few centimeters.
As flow velocity
increase the ripples
enlarge until they
form sand waves,
and finally dunes,
which have spacing
from 0.5 to 10m or
more and heights of
tens of cm to a meter
or more.
In deeper currents,
greater flow velocity is
required to produce
the large bedforms.
With increasing flow
velocity, dunes are
destroyed and the
turbulent flow which
was out of phase
turns into sheetlike
flow in phase with the
bedform. It forms
plane beds.
At higher velocities
plane beds are
replaced by
antidunes of up to
5m spacing. Low
dip angles of 10
degrees or less,
eventually chutes
and pool.
Trough cross-strat.
Develops from migrating
Ripples & dunes
Tabular cross-strat.
Is produced by migrating
sand waves
Bedform generated by
multidirectional flow