Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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PREPARED BY
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Costing
Line balancing
Commencing production
Production Monitoring
Inspection
Shipment/delivery
Definition of merchandiser
Definition of merchandiser
The main role of a garments merchandiser is to collect garments export order (export
L/C), produce the garments, export the garments and earn profit, to perform those
functions successfully needs lot of knowledge, experience & tremendous effort for a
merchandiser. The term merchandising is defined as follows:
Definition of merchandising
The term merchandising related with trade
Trade means buying & selling
The person who is involved with trade, he/she is a merchandiser
And the activities of a merchandiser is known as a merchandising
6. Sourcing
7. Material collection
8. Production planning
9. Production monitoring
10. Quality assurance
11. Arrange final inspection
12. Arrange shipment
Qualities of a merchandiser
Qualities of a merchandiser
1. Language skill
2. Computer skill
3. Marketing skill
4. Right consumption knowledge of various goods
5. Costing knowledge of raw materials
6. Order getting ability (That is if the merchandiser is known by actual rate of raw
materials, so that he can negotiate perfectly with buyer. In this way, the possibility of
getting order is hundred percent.)
7. Sincere & responsible
8. Hard worker
Garment Size
List of Traders:
Multinational:
Local:
1.Li& Fung
1. Team Sourcing
2. Synergies
2. Centro tex.
3Linmark
4. Complex tile
5. ZXY Apparel Buying Solution
6. Asmara
7. Texbo.
Buying House:
Buying house means Buyers liaison office or trader office. Traders are of two
types-
1.
Foreign Trader
2.
Local Trader
Old Navy
US Polo
Nike
American Eagle
Seasons of Export:
Seasons of Export in USA:
1.
Spring
2.
Summer
3.
Fall
Bangladesh
China
Vietnam
Combodia
Pakistan
6. Thailand
7. Indonesia
8. Turkey
9. India
10.Shrilanka
Specialty :
Turkey: This country is suitable for highly de corative and fancy garments.
China: Buyers select China for decorative garments and short time shipment.
India: Buyers select India for decorative garments.
Vietnuma: Buyers select Vietnum for plain printed T-Shiort.
Combodia: Buyers select Vietnum for plain printed T-Shiort.
Bangladesh: Bangladesh is a Lower Developing Country with GSP facilitiy. Buyers
import various types of garments from Bangladesh.
GSP
The Generalized System of Preferences (known as GSP for short) is a scheme whereby
a wide range of industrial and agricultural products originating in certain developing
countries are given preferential access to the markets of the European Union.
Preferential treatment is given in the form of reduced or zero rates of customs duties.
The GSP scheme is specifically designed to benefit certain developing countries and
integrate them into the world economy.
Since 1971, the EU has had rules ensuring that exporters from developing countries
pay lower duties on some or all of what they sell to the EU. This gives them vital access
to EU markets contributing to the growth of their economies. This scheme is known as
the "Generalized System of Preferences".
Today Bangladesh offers a very flexible and feasible production base for its customers
in EU, America and Australia. The EU market is quota free for apparels and goods are
eligible for the GSP facilities. As an LDC member Bangladesh also obtain special Tariff
benefit from Canada (18% import Tax free).
FOB:
FOB means Free on Board. It is the value of the product which is fixed without cost of
transportation of this product.
CIF:
FOB means Free on Board. It is the value of the product which is fixed including the
cost of transportation and insurance of this product.
3.Order Confirmation:
Order confirmation is issued by the buyer to the manufacturer which contains Techpack.
4.Purchase Order:
PO or purchase order is issued by the buyer to the manufacturer.
5.Master L/C:
L/C or Letter of Credit is a confirmation which is prepared by the buyer ( bank of
buyer ) and issued to the manufacturer. It has financial value. L/C is of two types Master L/C &
Back to Back L/C
When a L/C is opened to import goods directly from the exporter is called master
L/C. It is issued by the buyer (bank of buyer) to the manufacturer.
Spirality Tests
Abrasion Tests
DHL
2.
Aramex
3.
TNT
4.
Fedex
5.
UPS
6.
Sky net
7.
DPEX
18. Sewing:
Cutting pieces are attached by sewing to make the complete garments. Different types
of sewing machines are used in production line.
19. Finishing:
Finishing includes- ironing, accessories attaching, label attaching, ironing etc.
20. Pre-Final Inspection:
This type of inspection is done by factory QC. It may be at the end of the production
line or in the lab.
Compliance:
Compliance:
Any type of rules and regulations that must be followed by an ideal factory. These
include-
Time of Work
Environment of Work Place
Salary & Wages
Facilities ( Dining, Child care, Toilet )
Treatment of Liquid Waste
Factories may be classified as Compliant
Semi Compliant &
Non Compliant
In-line Inspection:
During production, buyer QC will come and check the product quality and suggest
to over-come any type of problem. This type of inspection is called In-line
Inspection.
On-line Inspection:
Inspection at the end of the production line during production is called On-line
Inspection.
This inspection is conducted by the factory QC
Logistic Firms:
Logistic Firms:
The firms or agents which take the responsibility to receive the goods from the
manufacturer company at the port and send to the buyer or buyer agent are called
Logistic Agent.
They also called Freight Forwarding Agent or Forwarder.
Buyer pays to the Logistic Agent.
Names of Some Logistic Firms:
1. Maersk
2. APL
3. MGH
4. Damco
5. Expolonca
6. Crown Logistic
7. NMC Corporation
C & F Agent:
C & F Agent:
The firms or agents which handle all kinds of customs related formalities are
called C & F Agent.
Factory pays to the C & F Agents.
1. Unit Price
2. Total Price
Negotiation:
Merchandiser must have a negotiating power on the price to convince his buyers on
specific price to lessen the chances of loss. If price is negotiated then its time to sample
approval from buyer.
The aim of negotiation/approach
"Win Win solution" Both parties are benefited.
The skill for negotiation:
1. Discovering common interest and removal of personal issues.
2. Questioning skill
3. Listening effectively
4. Understanding body language.
5. Observation and judgment.
6. Influencing skills
Export Procedure
1. INVOICE: In Invoice following criteria is required.
1. Consignee and Applicant Addresses
2. Garment Description
3. Garment Price and Total Invoice value
4. Net and Gross Weight of Garments
5. PO (purchase order) no.
6. Freight Terms.
7. from # & Date
8. L/C. # (letter of credit)
2. PACKING LIST
There are following details in the packing list required as per buyer's instruction or
mentioned in L/C.
1. Consignee and applicant addresses
2. Product description
3. Garment Style and color
4. Net and Gross weight of Garments
5. No. Of Pieces in the Carton and Carton Dimension also other necessary information,
which gives help for the custom clearance.
Export Procedure
3. Export-FORM:
E-FORM is issued and attested by the concerned bank (Islami bank Bangladesh ltd.)
4. BILL OF ENTRY
Applicable only in case of the imported material used in the manufacturing of the garments
for the export purposes.
5. SHIPPING BILL
The forwarder prepares shipping bill. After the sub Management Information Systems ion of
the custom docs, by the forwarder, custom authorities check the docs. And examine the
shipment accordingly. They write the report on the backside of the shipping bill and allow
the shipment for the export from Bangladesh. All these docs are then returned to the export
department.
6. VISA PROCESS
After receiving the Docs from the forwarder, Export Department prepares the Visa docs,
which are required for the export of garment to the following countries; USA, CANADA,
EUROPEAN countries.
7. NEGOTIATION / COLLECTION
After the completion of the Visa process, we submit the docs in the Bank for the
negotiation/ collection. The docs are prepared according to the L/C. or the buyer
requirement.
Export Procedure
8. DOCUMENTS FOR THE BUYER
Export department also prepare documents for the buyer for the custom clearance
of the shipment at the destination.
9. PAYMENT PROCEDURE
After the negotiation/ collection procedure of the docs, bank dispatches the same to
L/C opening bank, to realize the payment. Foreign bank is bound to realize the same
within the 10 to 15 days. REBATE CLAIM
10. COMMERCIAL INVOIVCE
In the commercial invoice all the details are mentioned required under conditions of
L/C for the custom clearance and other necessary purposes.
11. PACKING LIST
It consists of color, weight, product code/other, coding numbers, no. of cartons,
carton dimension, and carton packing.
12. BILL OF LADING/ AIRWAY
This is according to the L/C terms and conditions.
6. Fit Sample:
No change in stitching is acceptable at this stage. 2-3 garments are used in fit
sampling.
7. Photo Shoot Sample:
Now the sample is ready fort shipment. Buyer picks some pieces randomly to test its
gauge, GSM, shrinkage. If all these are according to the requirement of buyer then
shipment is said to be ok. 15-20 pieces are picked up as a sample to test.
8. Shipment Sample:
This stage is the completion of total order. And the garments are sending to shipment.
Woven Garments:
1. Shirt:
Men top garments. Shirt is of two types Basic/Formal/Dress/Official shirt
Casual/Pilot shirt
2. Pants/Trouser:
Men bottom garments. Pants may be of two types Formal/Dress/Chino pants
Casual pants. e.g. Jeans pants, Cargo pants.
3. Half Pants/Shorts:
Men bottom garments above the knee. e.g. Cargo shorts.
4. 3/4 of Pants:
Men bottom garments under the knee, above the ankle.
5. Blouse:
Ladies top garments. e.g. Ladies shirt or fotua.
6. Dress:
Ladies top garments. e.g. Ladies kamiz
Woven Garments:
7. Capris:
Ladies short pants above the ankle but not of pants.
8. Skirt:
Ladies garments.
9. Jacket/Blazer/Coat:
Men top garments containing Lapel and Taffeta.
10. Padded Jacket:
Jacket that contains Quilting.
11. Trench Coat:
Long coat with waist belt.
12. Gilet:
Sleeveless thick jacket.
13. Pazamas:
Night dress- both top & bottom.
14. Coverall:
15. Overall:
16. Shortall:
Woven Garments:
17. Vest/Over coat/Waist coat:
Sleeveless coat with button at front.
18. Head Wear:
Different types of cap, hat etc.
Type s of Fleece:
Generally there are two types of fleece.
1. Terri Fleece:
One side of this fabric is like single jersey and other side is brushed.
2. Polar Fleece:
Both sides of this fleece are brushed.
Type s of Stripe:
Generally there are two types of Stripe.
1.Feeder Stripe:
When the repeat size of strip in the fabric is less or equal 4 cm. then it is called
Feeder Stripe.
2.Engineering Stripe:
When the repeat size of strip in the fabric is grater than 4 cm. then it is called
Feeder Stripe.
Outer Wear:
Garments that protect from bad weather are called Outer Wear.
e.g. Rain Coat, Trench Coat, Wind Breaker.
PO - Purchase Order
PP- Pre-Production
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