iirs GIS Subject : Nov 28Dec 28, 07

OVERVIEW &
INTRODUCTION to GIS
P.L.N. Raju
Geoinformatics Division
Indian Institute of
Remote Sensing

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OVERVIEW & INTRODUCTION to GIS

Outline of Presentation

Overview and Concepts of GIS

History
Application Potential
H/W and Software
GIS training and education
scenario world over

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Overview and Concepts of GIS

Understanding GIS (1)

What did you do to reach IIRS?
How you have made your plans?
Select certain mode of transport and
finding the Routes to reach Dehradun,
Answers what/ where and how to reach
Reaching destination (IIRS) from Source
(RS/ISBT/AP) answering locating IIRS
(what), finding its
distance (where) and
reaching destination
(optimum path)

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Overview and Concepts of GIS

Understanding GIS (2)

Changes in a period of time

Pattern of relationship

Advances in IT and patterns of human life

Agricultural practice patterns over the times
(Example of AP delta regions single crops
before independence,
changed to double crops
with Nagarjunsagar reservoir.
Again changed to prawn culture,
mainly due to higher income returns

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Models

Overview and Concepts of GIS

Understanding GIS (3)

Children are asked to make about

satellites and rockets (Why)
Some of you are geologists. You may
be asked to assess the GWP or flow
patterns and suggest recharge zones.
What you do? Use Models
Recently high importance is given to
global warming and climatic changes,
more impact with noble prize to IPCC
(Pachuri, an Indian) and Al Gore former
USA VP. Models supporting the facts
proved their cause and concern.

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Overview and Concepts of GIS

Explaining Meaning of GIS (1)

GEOGRAPHICAL

INFORMATION
SYSTEM

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Overview and Concepts of GIS

GEOGRAPHY
The science of Earths physical
features,resources, climate,

population etc.

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Overview and Concepts of GIS

GEOGRAPHY = Geo + Graphy
SNAKES & LADDER

What & Where

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Location is important

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Overview and Concepts of GIS

INFORMATION

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Overview and Concepts of GIS

Explaining Meaning of GIS (1)

A

P
O

How we derive information?

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Overview and Concepts of GIS

Explaining Meaning of GIS (1)

A

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Overview and Concepts of GIS

Descriptive

Graphical

Explaining Meaning of GIS (1)

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Overview and Concepts of GIS

What is the specialty of GIS?

Facilitates faster process of operations

Provides solution for many real world

problems with options of many scenarios

Decision making tool with the support of

organized data

Integrating technology
Dynamic map display and
interactive query

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Overview and Concepts of GIS

Technologies that support GIS

Remote Sensing
Photogrammetry
Cartography (Manual/Automated)
Positioning technology
Geodesy/Surveying
/Mapping
Geo-ICT

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Overview and Concepts of GIS

SYSTEM

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Overview and Concepts of GIS

POST MAN

POST OFFICE

MAIL VAN

POST BOX

POST OFFICE

MAIL SYSTEM
LETTER

POST MAN

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Overview and Concepts of GIS

WATER CYCLE SYSTEM

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Overview and Concepts of GIS

Hardware
+
Software
+
Data ware
+
Human-ware
=
GIS

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Overview and Concepts of GIS

GIS terminology

Geographical Information System

Geographical Information Science
Geoinformatics
Geomatics
Spatial information system
Geospatial systems
Geospatial information engineering
Land information system
.

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Overview and Concepts of GIS

GIS MARKET

BILLION DOLLAR MARKET WORLD OVER

GROWING @15 - 20% annually
Opened up huge GIS market world over
Boon for India with huge human resources
Huge outside job work
Scope for Entrepreneur, creative and innovative
GIS services
Expected to grow beyond
20% in the next five years

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Overview and Concepts of GIS

Toolbox based

Defining GIS

- set of tools
- a system
- an information system

Database definitions

for capturing, storing, retrieving,

analyzing and displaying which
are spatially referenced to earth

- a database system in which most of the data are spatially

indexed, and upon which a set of procedures are
operated in order to answer queries about spatial
entities in the database.

Organization based definitions

- a decision support system involving the integration of
spatially referenced data in a problem solving environment

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Concepts of GIS
How GIS Works?

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Concepts of GIS
How it works?
A Powerful tool for solving real-world
problems

A method to
visualize, manipulate, analyze,
and display spatial data

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Many themes as layers

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Concepts of GIS

RASTER - VECTOR Data Models

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Concepts of GIS
What GIS can do?

What GIS can

do?
Identification
Locate
Optimum path
Patterns

Trend
Models

Real world problems

Where ?
What is there?
What is the best route?
What relations exists
between?
What has changed ?
What if ?

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Concepts of GIS

Types of GIS

Desktop GIS
Professional GIS
Enterprise GIS
Mobile GIS
Internet GIS
Embedded GIS
4 D GIS
Multimedia GIS

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What Analysis GIS can do?

SIMPLE QUERY
SPATIAL QUERYING
SINGLE LAYER OPERATION
MULTIPLE- LAYER OPERATIONS
SPATIAL MODELING
SURFACE ANALYSIS
NETWORK ANALYSIS
POINT PATTERN ANALYSIS
GRID ANALYSIS

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Concepts of GIS
Father of GIS

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What is not GIS

GPS alone
A map alone
GIS software alone

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History
1989 TIGER, NCGIA & MGE S/W
1987 IJGIS, SPANS S/W & IDRISI S/W
1986 MAPINFO S/W & First PGIS book
1985 GRASS GIS s/w
1981 ESRI launched ARC/INFO
1971-80
ODYSSEY GIS, the first modern vector GIS
ERDAS was founded, 1978
The USGS developed DLG spatial data format
Minnesota Land Management Information System
IBM's GFIS (Geographic Information Systems)

1969
1967
1966
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1978
1977
1976
1972
1960-70
ESRI, Intergraph and Laserscan, first commercial setups
US Bureau of Census DIME data format &ECU in London
SYMAP (Synagraphic Mapping System)
Harvard Lab for CGSA by Howard Fisher
CGIS (Roger Tomlinson)
- analyze Canada's national land inventory, a beginning

History

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Beyond 2000

1991-00

Internet GIS
Mobile GIS
Location based services
Open access to satellite images (ex. Google Earth)
AAA

Multi- Media GIS

Expanding GIS potential
PC GIS
Maguire, Goodchild, & Rhind's,
the GIS Big Book published

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GIS infrastructure
GIS Developments in India

National level
organisations

DOS/ISRO
NRDMS/DST
NIC
TCPO/Urban Depts

State level
departments
S&T Depts.. / SRSCs
Rural Departments
NGOs

GIS Entrepreneurs
ESRI India ltd

Leica India
Geosystems ltd.
ERDAS India ltd.
RMSI
TCS
Reliance Infocom
Satyam Navigation
CSDMS/MapIndia
Bentley India
Kampsax India ltd.

H/W and S/W

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Geoinformatics facility, at
what cost?
Computer PC / Workstation/ Server etc
Softwares Proprietary / Open source /
Free S/W
Scanner or Digitizer
Plotter / Printer
Trained professions
Cost Minimum of 7500 US$ Up to 100000 US $

H/W and S/W

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GIS SOFTWARES
1. ARCGIS
2. ILWIS
3. ERDAS IMAGINE
4. ERMAPPER
5. GEOMEDIA
6. GRASS (Open source)

Proprietary S/W s
Open source S/W
Free Softwares
Costs
2500 25000 US$

7. JTMaps (India) &

8. 9. Free softwares
(TNTMIPS/GRASS/ARCVIEW3.0

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GIS Application potential

Where it is used?
Natural resource management
Infrastructure development
Utility services
Business applications
Investigation services
e-governance

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GIS Status World scenario

More than 2 million users
Around 2000 universities run GIS based
courses
150, 000 register annually
GIS education mainly postgraduate and
graduate level world over
USA, Canada, Sweden, Australia,
Germany, Switzerland and Denmark also
offer at school level

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Online Education

UNIGIS
IBCP-IIRS
EDUSAT Training of IIRS
Many others offering M.Tech/MSc. in GIS

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Concepts of GIS

Ice in Red - is it possible?

Any manipulation is possible, in GIS

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The application of GIS is limited only by the
imagination of those who use it
~ Jack Dangermond

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Reaching Dehradun from Delhi

Mode

Starting From

Departure
Time*

Arrival Time*

2017 Satabdi
Exp. Train

New Delhi
R.S.

07:10 hrs.

12:35 hrs

4041 Mus-

Old Delhi
R.S.

22:10 hrs

07:30 hrs

Jan Satabdhi
Exp.

New Delhi RS

1525 hours

2130 hours

2017A NZM
DDN AC SPL

Old Delhi
R.S.

2330 hours

0545 hours

Ajmeri Gate
New Delhi

On Demand

7 hours

ISBT, Delhi

0500 - 2230
hrs
with 30 Min / 1

7 hours

soorie Exp.

Taxi
Buses

hr interval

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Double cropping pattern under

Nagarjunsagar reservoir

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Nagarjunsagar Reservoir

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Prawn Culture along the creeks

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Part 1:Overview and Concepts of GIS

Finding the change

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Part 1:Overview and Concepts of GIS

Examples of Models