Politics the

Home front
and the end of
the War

Lincolns War Politics

military arrests of civilians
suspended habeas corpus (speedy trial)
are all laws but one to go unexecuted, and the government
itself go to pieces, lest that one be violated? Lincolns
Address to Congress

martial law
ignored the Supreme Court
- Ex parte Merryman
- required Lincoln to release a Maryland
secessionist

Clement L. Vallandigham

Congressman from Ohio

outspoken copperhead
ran for governor
arrested May 1863
Lincoln banished him to
the Confederacy
ran his campaign from
Canada
unanimously nominated
by dem. party

Why didnt Lincoln suspend the

election in the name of war?
We cannot have free government without
elections; and if the rebellion could force us to
forego or postpone a national election, it might
fairly claim to have already conquered and ruined
us.
It seems exceedingly probable that this
administration will not be re-elected. Then it will
be my duty to so co-operate with the presidentelect as to save the Union between the election
and the inauguration, as he will have secured his
election on such ground that he cannot possibly
save it afterward.

Emancipation
1861 Confiscation Act
- all slaves used for insurrectionary purposes
would
be free
1862 abolished slavery in DC and W.
territories
1862 Confiscation Act
- frees slaves of those aiding and supporting
the
insurrection
Sept 22, 1862 announces preliminary
Emancipation
Jan 1, 1863 Emancipation Proclamation issued
1865 13th amendment

never, in my life, felt more certain

that I was doing right, than I do in
signing this paper, If my name ever
goes into history it will be for this act,
and my whole sole is in it. If my hand
trembles when I sign the
proclamation, all who examine it
hereafter will say, He hesitated.

Abraham Lincoln

Women in the Civil War

took over work of men
- business, farming, factories
Nursing
- Dorthea Dix ran the US Sanitary Commission
- Clara Barton- famous nurse
spies and military informants
abolitionists
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.
Anthony

Ringleaders were arrested and some were

convicted and imprisoned

REPORTED BREAD RIOT AT RICHMOND.

Colonel Stewart, of the Second Indiana regiment, one
of the fourteen United States officers just released by
the rebels, and who has just arrived at Baltimore,
makes the following statement: On Thursday last he
saw from his prison window in Richmond a great
bread riot, composed of about three thousand
women, who were armed with clubs and guns and
stones. They broke open the Government and private
stores, and took bread, clothing, and whatever else
they wanted. The militia were ordered out to check
the riot, but failed to do so. Jeff Davis and other high
officials made speeches to the infuriated women, and
told them that they should have whatever they
needed. They then became calm, and order was once
more restored. All the other released Union officers
confirm this statement. The story, however, looks

"A Confederate Spy in

Prison--Mrs. Greenhow and
Her Little Daughter."

" This Union propaganda cartoon of

a uniformed female spy/scout
alleges Confederate General J. E. B.
Stuart unfairly employed female
spies knowing that if caught the
Yankees would not execute them

"Women of the South" featuring Lucy

Pickens, the wife of Francis W. Pickens
who was governor of South Carolina
1860-1862. Confederate cabinet
member George Randolph rightside.
Two Confederate soldiers at lower left.

Confederate Currency, $10, 1861 A slave

picking cotton is depicted. Backed by
cotton and printed in excess,
Confederate Currency quickly
depreciated in value, becoming

Postage Stamp, 1 cent, 1862-1863 Postage stamps,

which served as a substitute for coins during the
Civil War, were privately encased in brass with a
mica shield to protect them from moisture. This
stamps front features a portrait of Benjamin
Franklin, while the reverse side shows the

 Prison Camps
1st North/South did not keep many prisoners
Addition of black soldiers changed things
South would capture and enslave black
prisoners

 Prison Camps
Union army ended prisoner exchanges
Numbers of P.O.W.s increased
Good treatment not a high priority

 Andersonville
Built to hold 10,000 prisoners
30,000 by July 1864

 Andersonville cont
Stream ran through camp serving as a sewer
and a drinking/bathing supply
100 die each day

Horrors of War: Andersonville Prison

Confederate Army imprisoned nearly 50,000 Union soldiers at
Andersonville Prison

Grave Digging at Andersonville P.O.W. Camp

Andersonville Prison Camp 1864

Union Prisoner upon his

release May, 1865

 Elmira
Norths version of Andersonville
Union uses Elmira as revenge for the
Andersonville Prison Camp
Prisoners ate rats for food

Shermans March to the Sea

Sept. 1, 1864 Sherman takes Atlanta
March to the Sea designed to break the will of the
Southern people
Northern military was "not only fighting hostile
armies, but a hostile people, and must make old
and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of
war." = total war
Atlanta to Savannah 285 miles long 60 miles wide
62,000 men live off land (Scorched earth
campaign)
November 15, 1864 December 22, 1864
- Sherman telegraphed President Lincoln with the
message "I beg to present to you, as a Christmas
gift, the city of Savannah..."

Shermans men destroy the railroad

tracks

Columbia, South

A family flees the

approach
of Sherman's Army

Sherman sentinels"
- the chimneys of
burnt out houses
"Sherman neckties"
- railroad rails that
had been heated
and wrapped
around trees.
end of January
April marched on
the Carolinas

Atlanta
Georgia in
Ruins

Richmond
Virginia In
Ruins

Ruins of
paper mill;
wrecked
papermaking
machinery
in
foregroun
d
Richmond,
Va.
April 1865

The Mclean
home
inAppomattox
Court House,
Virginia was
used on April
9th 1865 for
the surrender
meeting
between
General Robert
E. Lee, C.S.A.
and Lt. General
Ulysses S.
Grant, U.S.A.

Results of the Civil War

over 600,000 dead
- 500,000 wounded
- 50,000 amputees
South lay in ruins
Slaves are Free
Reconstruction must begin