Chapter 1
Introduction To Information
System Analysis & Design
Outline:
1.1
Introduction to System Analysis And Design
1.2The Analysts and Accountants Role in System
Development
1.3Evolutions of Systems Development
Methodologies
1.4Iterative and Incremental Development
1.1
Introduction to System
Analysis And
Design
The major goal of
organizational system.
SAD
is
to
improve
Process of improving organizational system
involves developing or acquiring application
software and training employees to use it.
Application Software is designed to support a specific organizational
function or process, such as inventory management, payroll, or
market analysis. For an example, spreadsheets, word processors, and
database management systems.
Main goal of application software is to turn data into information
Example:
A software developed for the inventory department at a bookstore
may keep track of the number of books in stock of the latest best
seller.
A software for the payroll department may keep track of the
changing pay rates of employees.
1.2
The Analysts and Accountants
Role in
System Development
SYSTEM
A system is an interrelated set of business procedures
used within one business unit working together for a
purpose.
Consist of nine characteristics
Exist within an environment.
A boundary separates a system from its environment.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A
SYSTEM
Components.
Interrelated Components.
Bondary.
Purpose.
Environment.
Interfaces.
Constraits.
Input.
Output.
IMPORTANT SYSTEM
DECOMPOSITION.CONCEPTS
The process of breaking down a system into smaller components.
Allows the system analyst to:
i) Break a system into a small, manageable and understandable
subsystem.
ii) Focus on one area at a time without interference from other areas.
iii) Concentrate on a component pertinent to one group of users
without confusing users with unnecessary details.
iv) Build different components at independent times and have the
help of different analyst.
MODULARITY.
Process of dividing a system into modules of a relatively
uniform size.
Modules simplify system design.
COUPLING
Subsystems that are dependent upon each other are
coupled.
COHESION
Extend to which a subsystem performs a single
function.
SYSTEM ANALYST
IT professional who specializes in analyzing, designing and
implementing information system.
Assess the suitability of information systems.
Analysis and design techniques to solve business problems using
information technology.
Plan, develop, and maintain information systems
Manages IT projects, including tasks, resources, schedules, and costs
Conducts meetings, delivers presentations, and writes memos,
reports, and documentation
A Modern Approach to System
Analysis and
SYSTEM INTEGRATION
Design
Allows hardware and software from different vendors to work
together.
Enables procedural language systems to work with visual
programming systems.
Visual programming environment uses client/server model.
ROLE IN SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Study problems and needs of an organization.
Determine the best approach to improving organization through the
use of people, methods and information system.
Develop four types of skill which is analytical, technical, managerial
and interpersonal.
Help system users and managers define their requirements for new or
enhanced information systems.
1.3
Evolutions of System
Development Methodologies
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A standard process followed in an
organization to conduct all the steps
necessary to analyse, design, implement,
and maintain information systems.
Systems Development
Life Cycle ( SDLC)
A common
organization
methodology
used
in
an
It marks the phases or steps of information
systems development
Phase 1:
System Planning & Selection
Identify the needs for a new or enhance
existing system
System
Planning &
Selection
To investigate the system and determine the
propose systems scope
A feasibility study is conducted before the second phases of the SDLC to
determine the economic and organizational impact of the system.
Phase 2
System Analysis
Phase 3
System Design
Logical Design
The logical design of a system pertains to an abstract representation
of the data flows, inputs and outputs of the system.
This is often conducted via modelling.
It concentrates how the system will impact the functional units within
the organization.
Physical Design
The physical design relates to the actual input and
Logical Design
Physical Design
Phase 4
System
Implementation
& Operation
Implementation
It includes coding, testing and installation
Coding --- write the programs that make up the system
Testing--test individual programs & the entire system in order
to find and correct errors.
Installation--- the new system becomes a part of the daily activities of
the organization
It also included initial user support such as the finalization of
documentation, training programs and ongoing user assistance.
Operation
Users sometimes found problems with how the system
works and will offen think of improvements
Programmers make the changes that uses ask for and
modify the system to reflect changing business condition
These changes are necessary to keep the system running
and useful.
1.4
Iterative and Incremental
Development
ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO
DEVELOPMENT
Prototyping
Rapid Application Design (RAD)
Computer-Assisted Software Engineering (CASE) tools
Joint Application Design (JAD)
Participatory Design (PD)
Agile Methodologies
PROTOTYPING
Building a scaled-down working version of the system
Advantages:
- users are involved in design
- captures requirements in concrete form
Rapid Application Design (RAD)
Utilizes prototyping to delay producing system design
until after user requirements are clear
Systems development methodology created to radically
decrease the time needed to design and implement
information systems
Computer-Assisted Software Engineering
(CASE) Tools
Automated software tools used by systems analysts to
develop information systems
Can be used throughout SDLC
Product and tool integration is provided through a
repository
Joint Application Design (JAD)
Users, managers and analysts work together
for several days
System requirements are reviewed
Structured meetings
Participatory Design (PD)
Emphasizes role of the user
Entire user community can be involved in
design
Agile Methodology
Focuses on:
- adaptive methodologies
- people instead of roles
- self-adaptive development process
End of the
Chapter
