Optimization of Indoor

Positioning system of
WLAN Using Path Loss
Model
Leena Arya
Ph.D. Scholar (Full Time
IITR)
Enrollment No. 078952

Co-Authors
Dr. S.C. Sharma
Electronics Discipline
Associate Professor
DPT, I.I.T. Roorkee
Saharanpur Campus
Saharanpur

Dr.Millie Pant
Mathematics. Discipline
Assistant Professor
DPT,I.I.T Roorkee
Saharanpur Campus
Saharanpur

Outline Of Presentation
1.
2.
3.
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Introduction
Background of WLAN
Objectives of proposed work
Comparison of Various Models
Wireless LAN
Applications
IEEE Standards
Why Optimization?
Optimization Techniques
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
Indoor Path Loss
The Model
The Simulation Software Qualnet 5.0
Simulation Parameter
Hostel Scenario
In future the Proposed work is

Introduction
Communication Network
LAN

MAN

WAN

Wireless Network
Infrastructure-based
Wireless Networks

WLAN
Wifi

Wimax

Infrastructure-less
Wireless Networks
MANET

BACKGROUND Of WLAN
WLANs provide wireless network
communication over short distances
using radio or infrared signals instead
of traditional network cabling.
WLAN comprises fixed-location
transceivers known as access points
(APs) to which client workstations and
peripherals connect via RF technology.

Objectives of Proposed Work

It is proposed to carried out the following analysis:1.To understand the reported model.
2.To develop the algorithm to find the optimal number and
location of Aps using Particle Swarm Optimization.
3.To test the algorithm with the reported available data.
4.To develop modeling tools using QUALNET 5.0 simulation
design tool for performance optimization of WLAN access points
5.To test the signal strength and interference in a WLAN system
with the reported available data.

Comparison of various Models

S.No.

Paper

Model

Technique

Available
Information

Authors

Year

Optimal Access
Point placement in
Simultaneous
Broadcast System
using OFDM for
Indoor WLAN

Ray
Tracing
Model

Very Fast
simulated
Annealing
Algorithm
(VFSA)

Discontinuou
s Cost
Function
has many
local minima

Mari
Kobayashi,
et.al [1]

IEEE PIMRC
2000

Coverage Planning
for Outdoor
Wireless LAN
systems

Path Loss
Model

Pruning,
Neighborhood
Search and
Simulated
Annealing

Discrete
Search Space

Max
Kamenetsky,
et.al [2]

IEEE-2002

Performance
Analysis of Indoor
WLAN
Mobility
Optimal Placement
of Access Point in
WLAN Based on a
New Algorithm
Physical Security
Enhancement in
WLAN Systems

Indoor
Path Loss
Model

OPNET 10
Simulator
Software

Reflection,
Diffraction,
Scattering

Mohd. Dani
Baba, et.al[3]

WSEAS 2005

Path Loss
Model

Discrete Gradient Nonsmooth,

Optimization
Nonconvex,
Algorithm
has many
local minima
A New Global
Nondifferenti
optimization
able,
Algorithm
nonconvex
(AGOP)

S.Kouhbor,
et.al[3]

IEEE-July
2005

Shahnaz
Kouhbor
et.al[5]

ISSNIP-IEEE
2007

Path Loss
Model

Wireless LAN

Applications
Data Networks
Data exchange between laptops, PDA
Ex) LAN
Home Networks
Using PDA in the bedroom to scan music in PC
Device Networks
Replace inconvenient cabled connections with
wireless connections
Ex) Bluetooth
Sensor Networks
With Non-rechargeable battery / minimize
human intervention

IEEE Standards

Indoor Path Loss

Optimization Model
We define :
aj , j 1,...., N
ri, i 1,...., M
g ( aj , r i )
g max
loss .

Access points(AP).
Receivers/Users .

Path loss from user to AP .

Maximum tolerable path

Optimization Model and

Algorithm
Step1:Find maximum path loss for AP placed in
first position .
Step2:Find maximum path loss for AP placed in
second position .
And so on for all considered positions .
Step3 : Search for minimum value of among
Calculated path loss .
Step4 : The position which mapping with minimum
value is optimal position of AP .

Minimum transmitted power

( Pt )
( Rth )

Transmitter power .
Receiver threshold .

g max Pt Rth

The Model
S. Kouhbor, et. al [4] has described a
mathematical model developed for finding the
optimal number and location of APs. A new
Global Optimization Algorithm (AGOP) is used to
solve finding the optimal number and location of
APs.
For indoor environment the signal power at the
receiver SRx is related to the transmit power
TRx as shown below path losses at reference
distance assuming transmit and receive antenna
with unity gain can be calculated from:

4 dof
g (aj, ri ) g (do)[dB ] 20 log
c

A part of the Boys Hostel Map

Measured Path Loss

A part of the Boys Hostel Map

Measured Path Loss

 Environments considered are:

- Free Space
- Indoor Line of Sight
- Obstructed indoor
Three primary modes for Electromagnetic
signal
Reflection
Diffraction
Scattering

THE SIMULATION SOFTWARE QUALNET 5.0

QualNet Developer provides a comprehensive
environment for designing network protocols,
creating and visualizing network scenarios under usespecified
conditions,
and
analyzing
their
performance.
QualNet Developer is a comprehensive suite of tools
for modeling large wired and wireless networks. It
uses simulation and emulation to predict the behavior
and performance of networks with thousands of
nodes.

TABLE.II SIMULATION
PARAMETER
Area
No. of Nodes
Frequency
Simulation Time
Node Placement
Mobility Model

1500*1500 m
8
2.4 GHz
60sec
Random
Random waypoint

Speed
Propagation Model
Channel Bandwidth
Traffic Type
Routing Protocol
MAC Protocol

0-20 m/s
Free space
5.5 Mbps
CBR
Bellman Ford
IEEE 802.11b

Hostel Scenario

Mobility in the part of the Boys Hostel Map

The signals transmitted

The signals received

The signals received but with errors.

In Future the proposed work

is
To include obstacles in the mathematical model
Comparison of results taken by the optimization
technique and by the simulation software.

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
International/National Journals
1)Leena Arya, S.C. Sharma & Millie Pant, " Optimal Coverage of Access Points
Using Path Loss Model for Indoor WLAN Systems ,IJ-ETA-ETS,vol.3,Issue
1,pp.672-675,July2010.
2)Leena Arya, S.C. Sharma & Millie Pant, " Coverage of Access Points Using
Particle Swarm Optimization Using Path Loss Model in WLAN,(IJRTE)
International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, vol.3,no.4,pp. 50-52,
May2010.
3)Leena Arya, S.C. Sharma & Millie Pant, "Performance Analysis of Indoor
Positioning System, (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer
Science and Applications, vol. 1, no. 4, pp.37-41,October 2010.
4)Kumar Manoj, S.C.Sharma & Leena Arya, Kumar Manoj, Parma Nand, S. C.
Sharma & Leena Arya Fuzzy Based QoS Analysis in MANET for DSR Protocol
IJCITE -International Journal of Computers, Information Technology and
Engineering, vol. 3, no.1, pp. 33-38, January-June 2009.
5) S.C. Sharma, Kumar Manoj & Leena Arya, Performance Analysis of Power
in Mobile Ad hoc Network for Different Protocols International Journal of
Computing Science & Communication Technologies Vol. 2, no. 1, June 2009.

6) Leena Arya, S.C. Sharma, Design & Fabrication of GSM Based Robot Control
CURIE Journal, Vol. 1. No. 4, pp: 12-16. January 2009. (ISSN: 0974-1305)

International/National Conferences
1)Leena Arya, S.C. Sharma & Millie Pant, Coverage of Access Points Using
Particle Swarm Optimization in Indoor WLAN,BAIP 2010, CCIS70, pp. 332336,
March 2010.
2) Leena Arya, S.C. Sharma & Millie Pant, Algorithm for Coverage of Access Points
Using Path Loss Model for Indoor WLAN,IISN-2010, pp.476-478,Feb2010.
3) Leena Arya, S.C. Sharma & Millie Pant, Indoor Access Points Location
Optimization Using Particle Swarm in WLAN Systems,SRIJAN10, May2010.
4) Kumar Manoj, S.C. Sharma & Leena Arya, Performance of QoS Parameter in
Mobile Ad hoc Network (IEEE 802.11b) 3rd International Conference on Advance
Computing & Communication Technology, Panipat, pp: 378-382. November 08-09,
2008.
5) Kumar Manoj, S.C. Sharma & Leena Arya, Analysis of QoS through Fuzzy Based
in Wireless Ad hoc Networks 3rd International Conference on Advance Computing
& Communication Technology (ICACCT-08), Panipat, pp: 461-465. November 0809, 2008.
6) Kumar Manoj, S.C. Sharma & Leena Arya, Effect of Throughput Management in
rd

7)Kumar Manoj, S.C. Sharma & Leena Arya, Analysis of QoS Parameter in MANET for
Different Scenario International Conference on Multimedia, Signal Processing and
Communication Technologies from 14th-16th March 2009.
8)Kumar Manoj, Parmanand, S.C. Sharma & Leena Arya, Simulation Based-Effect & Analysis
of Throughput in Wireless Ad-hoc Network, Proceedings of the INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCE ON VLSI AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING (ICVCom-2009),
Kottayam, pp: 33- 38, 16th-18th April 2009.
9) S.C. Sharma, Kumar Manoj & Leena Arya, Performance Analysis of Power in Mobile Ad
hoc Network for Different Protocols 3rd International Conference on Advance Computing &
Communication Technology, Panipat, pp: 373-377, November 08-09th, 2008.
10) Kumar Manoj, S.C. Sharma & Leena Arya, Fuzzy Based QoS Analysis in Wireless Ad hoc
Network for DSR Protocol IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC09),
Thapar, pp: 3428-3432, 6-7 March 2009.

REFERENCES

M.Kobayashi, S.Haruyama, R.Kohno, M.Nakagawa,

"Optimal Access Point Placement in simultaneous
broadcast system using OFDM for indoor wireless LAN",
IEEE symposium on PIMRC,Vol.1, PP.200-204, 2000.
M. Kamenetsky and M. Unbehaun, "Coverage Planning
for outdoor Wireless LAN Systems," in Proc. IEEE
International
Zurich
Seminar
on
Broadband
Communications, Sweden, pp.49-149-6, 2002.
Mohd. Dani Baba, Mohammad Ibrahim, Bdulmukti
Ahmad,Performance Analysis of Indoor
WLAN
Mobility, Proceedings of
the 4th WSEAS
International Conference on Electronics,Hardware,
Wireless and Optical, 2005.

REFERENCES
S. Kouhbor, J.Ugon, A. Kruger, A.Rubinov, Optimal
Placement of Access Point in WLAN Based on a New
Algorithm, In: proc. Of the International Conference
onMobile Business-IEEE/ICMB, pp. 592-598, July 2005.
Shahnaz Kouhbor, Physical Security Enhancement in
WLAN Systems, ISSNIP-IEEE, pp.733-738, 2007.
AvaLAN Wireless Systems Inc., 1020 Corporation Way,
Palo Alto, CA 94303, August 2006.
www.avalanwireless.com/assets_ v3/.../
Surveying Wireless Networks, GD/JANET/TECH, 2008.
www.ukema.ac.uk/documents/.../technical../

THANK YOU