Fosfolipid bersifat amphipathic

hidrofilik dan hidrofobik.

Artifisial membran ditunjukkan
dalam bentuk lapisan dalam air:

Mengapa membran dibentuk

bilayer?
Ada dua
watery area yang berinteraksi de
ngan membran, diluar sel dan didal
am sel.

Difusi.
Apa yang menyebabkan difusi? Mengapa
hal tersebut terjadi secara spontan?
Gradien konsentrasi mewakili energi
potensial.
Perpindahan secara langsung menurunkan
energi bebas sistem tersebut.
Hal tersebut terjadi secara spontan.

Apakah partikel akan

berhenti berpindah pada
waktu keadaan
kesetimbangan tercapai?

Gradien konsentrasi.
Ingat gradien konsentrasi mewakili
potensial energi.

Apa yang disebut osmosis?

Difusi dari air melewati membran semipermiabel.

Apa yang dimaksud difusi dengan

fasilitas?
Difusi dari larutan dengan bantuan
transpor protein.
Apakah merupakan proses pasif atau
aktif?
Pasif.
Mengapa larutan membutuhkan protein
untuk memfasilitasi difusi?
Karena larutan terlalu polar untuk
melewati lipid bilayer.

Apa yang dimaksud dengan

transpor aktif?
Memompa molekul lewat membran
karena adanya konsentrasi
gradien.
Membutuhkan energi, dalam
bentuk ATP
Digunakan untuk membantu ionik
gradien melewati membran

Endositosis

Pagositosis endositosis terhadap

substansi-substansi partikulat besar
Pinocytosis endositosis cairan dan zat
yang tidak terlarut
Reseptor termediasi

Eksositosis -

www.soulcare.org
Galloway

Sid

AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

1.

The steepness of the concentration gradient. The bigger the

difference between the two sides of the membrane the quicker the
rate of diffusion.

2.

Temperature. Higher temperatures give molecules or ions more

kinetic energy. Molecules move around faster, so diffusion is faster.

3.

The surface area. The greater the surface area the faster the
diffusion can take place. This is because the more molecules or ions
can cross the membrane at any one moment.

4.

The type of molecule or ion diffusing. Large molecules need more

energy to get them to move so they tend to diffuse more slowly. Nonpolar molecules diffuse more easily than polar molecules because they
are soluble in the non polar phospholipid tails.

17

AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

1.

Oxygen Non-polar
so diffuses very
quickly.

1.

Carbon dioxide
Polar but very small
so diffuses quickly.

2.

Water Polar but

also very small so
diffuses quickly.

18

AS Biology, Cell membranes and Transport

Large polar molecules such as

glucose and amino acids, cannot
diffuse across the phospholipid
bilayer. Also ions such as Na+ or
Cl- cannot pass.
These molecules pass through
protein channels instead.
Diffusion through these channels
is called FACILITATED
DIFFUSION.
Movement of molecules is still
PASSIVE just like ordinary
diffusion, the only difference is,
the molecules go through a
protein channel instead of passing
between the phospholipids.

19

barbital

secobarbital

thiopental

Assume weak acid drug (HA) w/ pKa=6.0

Assume [HA]=1.0
Stomach pH=1.0

1.0-6.0=log [A-]/[HA]
1.0x10-5=[A-]

Blood pH=7.0

10=[A-]

Little ionized drug

Much ionized drug

Expect stomach-to-plasma traverse BUT not

plasma-to-stomach