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Learning Outcomes
Conduct air-standard analyses of internal
combustion engines based on the Otto,
Diesel, and dual cycles, including the ability
to
sketch p-v and T-s diagrams and evaluate
property data at principal states.
apply energy, entropy, and exergy balances.
determine net power output, thermal efficiency,
and mean effective pressure.
Learning Outcomes
Conduct air-standard analyses of gas turbine
power plants based on the Brayton cycle and
its modifications, including the ability to
sketch T-s diagrams and evaluate property data
at principal states.
applying mass, energy, entropy, and exergy
balances.
determine net power output, thermal efficiency,
back work ratio, and the effects of compressor
pressure ratio on performance.
Learning Outcomes
Analyze subsonic and supersonic flows
through nozzles and diffusers, including the
ability to
describe the effects of area change on flow
properties and the effects of back pressure on
mass flow rate.
explain the occurrence of choking and normal
shocks.
analyze the flow of ideal gases with constant
specific heats.
Q
in
int
rev
pdv
int
rev
Tds
int
rev
vdp
int
rev
Tds
Considering Reciprocating
Internal Combustion Engines
What are reciprocating internal combustion engines?
They are reciprocating engines commonly used in
automobiles, trucks, and buses.
How do reciprocating internal combustion engines
differ from the vapor power plants considered in
Chapter 8 and the gas turbines considered in later
sections of Chapter 9?
Processes occur within reciprocating pistoncylinder arrangements rather than by mass flowing
through a series of interconnected components.
Stroke
Bottom dead center
Exhaust stroke
The burned gases are
purged from the cylinder
through the open exhaust
valve.
Simulating Reciprocating
Internal Combustion Engines
Detailed study of performance of reciprocating
internal combustion engines requires consideration
of complexities including:
Combustion processes occurring within the cylinder.
The effects of irreversibilities related to combustion,
heat transfer, and friction.
Heat transfer between the gases in the cylinder and
the cylinder walls.
The work required to charge the cylinder and
exhaust the products of combustion.
V2 V3
(Eq. 9.9)