PKB 3053

Presentation &
Demonstration Of The
Techniques & Activities For
Teaching Listening
Comprehension
Kelly Tan
Lee Sue Jane
Yii Ann Hui
P2

When people talk, listen

completely. Most people
never listen.
-- Ernest Hemingway

We have two ears and only one

tongue in order that we may
hear more and speak less.
-- Diogenes Laertius

Most common
communicative activity in
daily life

Listenin
g

we can expect to listen

twice as much as we speak,
four times more than we
read, and five times more
than we write. (Morley,
1991, p. 82)
important for obtaining
comprehensible input that
is necessary for language
development.

Principles of Teaching
Listening
Expose students to different ways of
processing information
Expose students to different types
of listening
Teach a variety of tasks
Consider text, difficulty, and
authenticity

The importance of Listening

To obtain information
To understand
For enjoyment
To learn
To communicate

Listening
Techniques
Strategies or activities that contribute directly to
the comprehension and recall of listening input.
Can be classified by how the listener processes the
input.
There are :
Top
Down
Meta
cognitive

Bottom
Up

Top-Down Listening Strategies

Top- Down
strategies
are listener
based.

Refers to
the use of
background
knowledge
in
understandi
ng the
meaning of
the
message.

Background
knowledge
of the
topic, the
situation or
context,
type of
text and
co-text
(what came
before and
after).

Background
knowledge
activates a
set of
expectation
s that help
the listener
to interpret
what is
heard and
anticipate
what will
come next.

TopDown

Strategies

include :

Listening for the main idea

Predicting
Drawing inferences
Summarizing

For Example

Watch drama or movie.

(focus on whole meaning, not structure or
forms.)

Top-Down
Listening
Activities

Identifying emotions,
understanding meaning of
sentences, recognizing
the topic.

1.
1.Reading
ReadingInformation
Information

2. Just Arrange It !

Putting a series of pictures or sequence of events in order.

Once when a Lion was asleep, a little Mouse began
The Story : THE LION AND THE MOUSE
running up and down upon him. This soon wakened the
Lion, who placed his huge paw upon him and opened
his big jaws to swallow him.
"Pardon, O King!" cried the little Mouse, "Forgive me
this time. I shall never repeat it and I shall never forget
your kindness. And who knows, but I may be able to do
you a good turn one of these days?
The Lion was so tickled at the idea of the Mouse
being able to help him, that he lifted up his paw and let
him go.
Sometime later a few hunters captured the King and
tied him to a tree while they went in search of a wagon
to carry him on.
Just then the little Mouse happened to pass by, and
seeing the sad plight in which the Lion was, ran up to
him and soon cut the net into pieces and freed the lion.

Bottom up Listening Strategies

They are text based.
The listener relies on the language in the
message (sounds, words, and grammar that
creates meaning)
Bottom-up strategies include:

listening for specific details

Recognizing cognates
Recognizing word-order patterns

Bottom up strategy is to know about

details and segments. It
concentrates on forms and
structure. Thus, this activity is more
related with academic study. English
learning students use this activity to
enhance their listening ability.

In class, fill in the blank/s activity

can increase students awareness of
forms. However, bottom-up strategy
doesnt mean that it excludes all
authentic things. When we need deep
concentration on details, we use this
activity.

For example, weather forecast,

phone number and advertisement
having implied meaning need special
focus on details to understand.
Besides, tongue twists can be a good
exercise for students to notice
subtle difference in various English
forms and pronunciation.

How much dew does a dewdrop

drop
If dewdrops do drop dew?
They do drop, they do
As do dewdrops drop
If dewdrops do drop dew.
Can you imagine an imaginary menagerie manager
imagining managing an imaginary menagerie?

 Bottom-up
processing
refers
to
using
Bottom-up processing refers to using
the
theincoming
incominginput
inputas
asthe
thebasis
basisfor
for
understanding
understandingthe
themessage.
message.
Comprehension
Comprehensionbegins
beginswith
withthe
the
received
receiveddata
datathat
thatisisanalyzed
analyzedas
as
successive
successivelevels
levelsof
oforganization
organization-sounds,
sounds,words,
words,clauses,
clauses,sentences,
sentences,
texts
texts--until
untilmeaning
meaningisisderived.
derived.
Comprehension
is
viewed
as
a
process
Comprehension is viewed as a process
of
ofdecoding.
decoding.

Example
"The guy I sat next to on the bus this morning
on the way to work was telling me he runs a
Thai restaurant in Chinatown. Apparently, it's
very popular at the moment.
To understand this utterance using bottom-up
processing, we have to mentally break it down into its
components. This is referred to as "chunking." Here
are the chunks that guide us to the underlying core
meaning of the utterances

 the guy

I was on the bus

I sat next to on the bus There was a guy next to

me
this morning

We talked

was telling me

He said he runs a Thai

restaurant

he runs a Thai
restaurant in Chinatown

It's in Chinatown

apparently it's very

popular

It's very popular now

Meta cognitive Listening

Is thinking about thinking

Taylor (1999) defines metacognition as an

appreciation of what one already knows,
together with a correct apprehension of the
learning task and what knowledge and skills it
requires, combined with the agility to make
correct inferences about how to apply ones
strategic knowledge to a particular situation,
and to do so efficiently and reliably.

Used to plan, monitor, and evaluate their

listening.
They plan deciding which listening strategies will
serve best in particular situation
They monitor their comprehension and the
effectiveness of the selected strategies.
They evaluate by determining whether they have
achieved their listening comprehension goals and
whether the combination of listening strategies.

Actions that the

learner purposely
takes to improve
comprehension and
oversee and regulate
the listening
process.

Action that
included

Planning
Monitoring
Evaluation
Problem solving

Planning
Advanced
Organisation

Anticipating to the listening task,

predicting, clarifying objectives
for listening

Directed
attention

Deciding to maintain attention to

the listening task, avoiding
distractors.

Selective
attention

Planning to pay attention or

language situational aspects that
may facilitate comprehension

Monitoring
Double check
Comprehension
monitoring
monitoring
Checking ones
Checking, verifying
understanding
or correcting ones
during the second
understanding
listening or across
the task

Evaluation
Performance
evaluation

Judging ones
performance in
the execution of
the listening task

Strategy
evaluation

Evaluating the
strategies used
and their
effectiveness

Problem Solving
Identifying what needs resolution in a
listening task, or an aspect that interferes
with its accomplishment.

Then use a cognitive strategy to solve the

problem

Examples: My Predictions
Meat
Sugar

Rice

Fruits

Bread

Fat

Vocabulary

Beans

Video

Topic:

Sugar

Fat

Meat
Fruits
Rice

Bread

Balance
Diet

Thank
you