International Federation

of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Vector control
Vectors
Spraying
Mosquito nets
Environmental modifications

International Federation
of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Vectors and diseases in emergency

Anopheles

Aedes

Housefly

Diseases

Malaria

Dengue and yellow

fever

Diarrhoeal diseases,
skin and eye
infections

Larval

Exposed to sunlight and

associated to floating
vegetation in pools,
quiet places in slowrunning streams, rice
fields. Also in artificial
containers

Above the water line in

pools with clean water.
The preferred habitats
are water storage tanks
and jars inside the and
outside houses.

Buried on rotting organic

material (human
(garbage, excreta).

Adult

Active between sunset

Bite mainly in the
and sunrise
morning or evening.
Rest indoors and outdoor Hey rest often outdoors.
sheltered resting sites

Active during the day.

Resting indoors.

International Federation
of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Vector borne disease risk

Assessment of potential risk
Clinical evidence
Factors influencing the risk:
Immune status of the population
Movement of population from a non endemic to
an endemic area
Pathogen type and prevalence
Vector species, behaviour and ecology
Exposure to vectors (shelter type)
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International Federation
of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Control measures
Mosquitoes
Personal protection
Making houses and
shelter insect proof
(Zero fly insecticide
plastic sheeting)
Insecticide spraying
Environmental
modifications to prevent
breeding (drainage)

Houseflies
Improvement of
environmental sanitation
(excreta disposal and
waste management)
Promotion hygiene
practices
Fly traps
Control with insecticides
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International Federation
of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Personal protection

Bed nets
Repellents
Mosquito coils

International Federation
of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Sphere

All disaster affected people have the

knowledge and the means to protect
themselves from diseases and nuisance
vectors that are likely to represent a
significant risk to health or well-being.

International Federation
of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs)

LLINs are nets treated in the factory

with an insecticide incorporated into
the net fabric which makes the
insecticide last at least 3 years of
recommended use under field
conditions.
PermaNet which is treated with
55mg/m2 of deltamethrin to coat
fibres.
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International Federation
of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

LLINs distribution in emergency

Niger Red Cross

Target population: Children U5 + Pregnant

women
1 LLIN per household (mother sleeps
together with the newborn).
House-to-house visits to ensure proper
hanging and usage. This might be
integrated in ongoing health programmes.
In special and urgent situations, this
activity can be linked to indoor residual
spraying (IRS).
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International Federation
of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
obstructed roof gutters)

tyre

Environmental
modifications

Dense
vegetatio
n
Water storage tank

tins

Water container

International Federation
of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Insecticide spraying

Specialist attention and involvement of

local authorities
Detailed vector study: its resting and
biting behaviour and its susceptibility to
insecticides.
Trained personnel and protection
equipment.
Acceptance of space-spraying by
communities.
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International Federation
of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Sphere
The numbers of diseases vectors that pose a risk
to peoples health and nuisance vectors that
pose a risk to peoples well-being are kept to an
acceptable level.
Chemical vector control measures are carried out
in a manner that ensures that staff, the people
affected by the disaster and the local
environment are adequately protected. And
avoids creating resistance to the substances
used.

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International Federation
of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Wall Spraying - Efficacy

Mosquito resting behaviour

Mosquito susceptibility to insecticides
(resistance)
Suitability of wall surface for spraying
Suitability of insecticide
Cooperation of community and local authorities
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International Federation
of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Wall spraying technique

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International Federation
of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Spraying operation
1. Calculating total surface area to be sprayed
2. Calculating the amount of insecticide needed
for one round of spraying
3. Personnel required:
a) 1 person / 5 Ha / 8-10 houses / day
b) Maximum 4 hours / day

4. Equipment required (spare parts, protection

equipment)
5. Calculating the time needed to cover the area
(spraying time + transport + evacuation +
pressurizing or filling with fuel).
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International Federation
of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

ERU WATSAN Mod.15 Spraying equipment

3 Backpack sprayer (manual, 15 l, 5 bar)

1 backpack sprayer (motorized)
Insecticide (Lambda Cihalotrin) (3 bottles 250 grs.)
30 Overalls
30 Globes
30 Face half mask for insecticide application
30 Rubber boots
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International Federation
of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Deltametrine
Pyrethroid insecticide: kills insects on contact and through
digestion.
Available as 2.5% water-dispersible powder. At a dosage of 0.05
g/m2 effective for mosquitoes - it usually remains effective for
2-3 months.
Toxic for human by inhalation or direct contact (gloves and mask
are key protective gear)
High toxicity to fish, bees and aquatic herbivorous insects
In soil, degradation occurs within 1-2 weeks.
There is no degradation in storage for 6 months at 40 degrees C.
It is considered stable when exposed to air and sunlight.
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International Federation
of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Community involvement

The efficient execution of IRS (indoor

residual spraying) where necessary
The appropriate use of LLINs
Effective disposal of household solid waste
Effective household drainage
Control of flies and mosquitoes associated
with excreta disposal
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International Federation
of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Bibliography

18

International Federation
of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Thank you.

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