Excelsior Community College

School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

Immunology Worksheet

a. When the human body is invaded by a foreign organism it responds by identifying and
destroying the foreign organism in a manner that involves both cell mediated and
humoral response.

(i) Distinguish between cell mediated and humoral immune responses. [4]

Cell mediated response involves the T lymphocyte cells while the human immune response
involves the B lymphocyte cells. The B cells are cells that produce antibodies and memory cells
for antigens to identify pathogens while the T cells are not capable of producing antibodies.There
are 3 types of T cells, cytotoxic, suppressor and helper, while there is only 1 type of B cell. The
T cells help other cells, they also ensure that the b cells don't overreact leading to death and they
also kill pathogens.

(ii) When Kayla was eight years old she was infected with measles. Ten years later
while volunteering at an orphanage, she is required to take care of a baby with
measles. Explain the immunological process which is responsible for Kayla not
becoming ill. [4]
When kayla’s immune system first came in contact with the measles virus the body identifies it
as a foreign substance and while the body tries to destroy it causes reactions such as fever,
coughing, as the body tries to fight the infection the B lymphocytes identifies the antigens for the
measles virus and the B cells divided on division they replicate and produce memory cells the b
cells will also produce plasma cells in which antibodies. The memory cells are important in case
the virus returns, it will be able to identify it instantly and the body will be able to deal with the
virus efficiently.
b. Figure 5 shows the steps involved in the phagocytic process in macrophages.
(i) On Figure 5, use the annotations to describe the steps labelled 1, 2 and 3 [3]
1- The macrophages identifies the antigen on a bacteria and makes a bridge
between the antigen and the cell receptor the bacteria is being engulfed by the cell
2-
3-

(ii) Outline how a macrophage can act as an antigen-presenting cell. [3]

When a macrophage encounters an antigen from a microbe and the antigen
becomes engulfed, if it is added to its cell membrane along with a self protein it
becomes an antigen presenting cell this will make it easy for b cells and t cells to
recognize it.