CAC

NGUYEN TO
PHAN
NHOM VIIB

08/27/15

NHAN XET CHUNG

Goi la PN Mangan, gom co Mn, Tc
(tecneci), Re (reni).
Nguyen to
Cau hnh e
So Ox
SPT
ac trng
Mn
3d54s2
2,4,7
6,4
Tc
Re

4d55s2
5d56s2

7
7

4,6,7,8,9
4,6,7,8,9

trang thai Ox dng thap, chung

co tnh chat giong cac kim loai Fe, Cr.
Con trang thai Ox dng cao lai giong Cl.
08/27/15

 Theo chieu tang so Ox:

Tang kha nang tao phc anion.
Giam kha nang tao phc cation.
VD
[Mn(H2O)6]+2 khong co
[Mn(OH)6]-4
[MnO4]-1
khong co
[Mn(H2O)6]+7
Do hien tng co f ma Tc va Re co
tnh chat giong nhau, trong o Tc la
nguyen to nhan tao t c biet
en.
08/27/15

N CHAT
Nguyen
to

Mn

Tc

Re

D (g/cm3)

7.44

11.49

21.04

r (Ao)

1.30

1.36

1.37

I1 (eV) (co f)

7.44

7.28

7.88

tonc (0C)

1245

2200

3180

tos (0C)

2080

4600

5600

H (% ng
t)

3x10-2

9x10-9

08/27/15

 Do trong cac tinh the kim loai co s tham

gia tao lien ket cua cac e d nen tang o
lk CHT.
(tnc cua Re cao th 2 sau W)
La cac kim loai hoat ong, hoat tnh
giam t Mn Re.
VD: Vi Mn
+ Dang khoi ben v co mang Oxyt bao ve.
+ Dang bot de b Ox (vi Oxy, S, P, N 2),
manh liet vi halogen tao MnX2 (khong
can to).
Re, Tc: Phai ot nong mi tac dung vi O 2,
S, halogen. Khong tac dung trc tiep vi
N2.
Re + O2 (> 4000C) Re2O7

08/27/15

Mn phan ng vi H2O nong (do Mn

ng gia Mg va Zn).
Mn + H2O (1000C) Mn(OH)2 + H2
Tac dung vi acid tao H2:
Mn + HCl MnCl2 +H2
Tc, Re yeu hn Cu nen khong ay H 2,
ch tac dung vi HNO3:
Tc(Re) + HNO3 HXO4 +NO + H2O
Do ai lc vi O va S ln hn Fe nen
trong cong nghiep luyen kim dung
Mn kh FeO va FeS.
Mn + FeO/FeS MnO/MnS + Fe
08/27/15

ieu che

Mn co trong quang pyroluzit MnO2.

MnO2 Mn3O4 + O2 (t0)

Mn3O4 + Al Mn+ Al2O3 (nhiet nhom)

Re thng kem trong quang Molipden, hoac

trong quang jezcozanit CuReS4. Co the ieu
che bang cach dung H2 kh muoi cua acid
renic.

NH4ReO4 + H2 Re + N2+ H2O (t0)

Tc la chat nhan tao c dieu che trong lo

hat nhan.

ng dung

Mn ieu che thep cng, chu nen, chu

mon.
Re phu day toc bong en (W) tang tnh
ben.
Tc: dung trong lo hat nhan.
08/27/15

CAC HP CHAT
HP CHAT Mn (+2)
So PT ac trng 6 (bat dien).
a so de tan trong nc tao phc
aquo mau hong.
MnCl2 + H2O [Mn(H2O)6]+2 + 2Cl Khi ket tinh t dung dch nc thu tinh
the hydrat cung co mau tng t, SPT
6.
VD:
MnCl2.4H2O,
MnSO4.4H2O,
Mn(NO3)2.6H2O
08/27/15

Oxide- Hydroxide cua Mn (+2)

Tnh base troi hn acid.
Mn(OH)2 + 2H3O+ +2H2O [Mn(H2O)6]+2
MnO + 2H3O+ +4H2O [Mn(H2O)6]+2
Mn(OH)2 + 4NaOH (to) [Mn(OH)6]-4 + 4Na+
Do phc anion hydroxo manganat b phan huy
hoan toan trong H2O nen thc te coi nh
khong phan ng.
Trong kiem nong chay, Mn(+2) b Ox thanh
MnO4-2:
Mn2+ + K2S2O8/KClO3 + KOH K2SO4 + K2MnO4 + H2O
08/27/15

Cac hp chat Mn(+2) the hien tnh kh:

Mn(OH)2 + O2 +H2O Mn(OH)4
Trang hong
Nau
+ Trong OH-:
MnSO4 + KClO3 + NaOH (to) KCl + Na2MnO4 +
Na2SO4
+ H2 O
+ Trong H+:
MnSO4 + PbO2 + HNO3 HMnO4 + Pb(NO3)2
+PbSO4 +
H2 O
Cac phc Mn(+2) khong ac trng, de b
phan huy trong nc.
[Mn(NH3)6]Cl2 + H2O Mn(OH)2 + NH4Cl + NH3

08/27/15

CAC HP CHAT Mn (+4)

Mn(+4) ben dang oxide va hydroxide

(ngc vi Mn(+2)), dang muoi kem ben,
de b phan huy.
VD:Mn(OH)4 + H2SO4 (, to) MnSO4+O2+ H2O
MnO2 + HCl() (to) MnCl2+Cl2 + H2O
Cac muoi Mn(+4) tng oi ben ch co
MnF4, Mn(SO4)2, nhng trong nc cung b
thuy phan:
Mn(SO4)2 + H2O Mn(OH)4+H2SO4
Mn(OH)4 MnO2+H2O

08/27/15

Oxide va hydroxide cua Mn(+4) co tnh

lng tnh nhng eu yeu.
VD: MnO2 + HCl() (to) MnCl2+Cl2 + H2O

MnO2 + KOH() (to) K2MnO3 + H2O

Do hp chat Mn(+4) co tnh Ox manh nen
khong ben:

MnO2 + H2SO4 (, to) MnSO4+O2+ H2O

Mn(+4) la mc Ox trung gian, nen se the
hien tnh kh vi chat Ox manh hn:
MnO2 + KClO3 + KOH KCl + K2MnO4 + H2O
(nc)
Vi Tc va Re cung co XO2, XHal4, M2XO3,
M2[XHal6]nhng khong ben.
Cac hp chat Tc(+4) ben hn Re(+4).
08/27/15

CAC HP CHAT X (+6)

Thng gap
Tc/ReO3

va

ben:

MnO4-2,

Tc/ReCl6,

Muoi:
Muoi Mn(+6) co mau luc sam, thu c
khi nau MnO2 nong chay vi kiem, co
mat chat Ox.
MnO2 + KClO3 + KOH KCl + K2MnO4 + H2O (nc)

Muoi Mn(+6) kem ben, ch ton tai trong

kiem manh, trong acid (hay H 2O) b phan
huy.
K2MnO4 + H2O/H+ KMnO4 + MnO2 + KOH
08/27/15

Cac hp chat TcO4-2, ReO4-2 cang kem ben,

ch ton tai trong dung dch kiem d.
XO4-2 + H2O/H+ XO4- + XO2 + OHTrong moi trng kiem cac dang XF 6, XHal6,
XO3 eu b d phan tao X(+7) va X(+4).
XCl6 + KOH XO4- + XO2 + KCl + H2O
Hp chat Mn(+6) la chat Ox manh, san
pham phu thuoc vao moi trng.
+ H2O, OH- : Mn(+4).
+H+: Mn(+2).
Neu gap chat Ox manh, no the hien tnh
kh:
K2MnO4 + Cl2 KMnO4 + KCl
08/27/15

Tc(+6), Re(+6) lai co tnh kh manh.

K2XO4 + O2 (kk) + H2O KXO4 +
KOH

Cac hp chat nay the hien tnh

acid.
ReF6 + KF K2[ReF8]
XO3 + KOH KXO4 + KXO3 + H2O

08/27/15

CAC HP CHAT X (+7)

X2O7:
Cac hp chat X(+7) co o ben tang
dan t Mn en Re, the hien qua H0289
va G0298.
Dang

Mn2O7

Tc2O7

H0289 (kJ/mol)

-743

-1115

H0289 (kJ/mol)

-544

-938-1098

X2O7

-1272

Mn2O7 (long, luc sam) de b phan huy

no:
Mn2O7 MnO2 + O2
08/27/15

Tc2O7, Re2O7 la cac tinh the mau

vang khong b phan huy khi ot
nong chay. Do o co the ieu
che trc tiep khi ot nong chay
kim loai trong oxy.
VD:
X + O2 (to) X2O7 ( trang thai nc)
Con Mn2O7 thu c khi dung H2SO4
lay nc cua muoi Mn(+7).
KMnO4 + H2SO4 Mn2O7 + K2SO4 +
H 2O
08/27/15

HXO4:
HMnO4 khong tach c dang t do,
ch ton tai trong dung dch (nong o
20%).
HTcO4 : Tinh the o.
HReO4 : Cha tach c dang t do.
MXO4:
Cung co o ben tang dan t Mn Tc
Re.
VD:
KMnO4 (200oC) K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
KTcO4, KReO4 th 10000C van khong
phan huy.
08/27/15

Tnh acid:
Cac hp chat X(+7) eu co tnh acid, giam
dan t Mn Tc Re. eu la acid manh
(HMnO4 HCl)
Tnh Oxy hoa:
eu la nhng hp chat Ox manh, san
pham tuy thuoc vao moi trng Ox.
H+: MnO4- +8H+ +5e Mn+2 + H2O, 0= 1.51V.
H2O: MnO4-+2H2O+3eMnO2 + 4OH- +, 0=
1.23V.
Kiem manh: MnO4-+1eMnO4-2 , 0= 0.56V.
Mn2O7 t boc chay khi tiep xuc ether,
con
Ket luan: Muoi MnO4- ben hn MnO4-2 (cung
co cau truc phc t dien).
08/27/15