DLCIs

AITTM

PROF RAJ KAMAL

PVC DLCIs

AITTM

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SVC

AITTM

Each time two DTEs want to communicate a new

VC should be established
This is done by the services of another protocol
that has network layer and network layer
addresses (such as ISDN or IP)
The signaling mechanism of this other protocol
makes a connection request using the network
layer address.
After connection phase the VC is established
DTEs can exchange data.
PROF RAJ KAMAL

SVC Setup and Release

AITTM

PROF RAJ KAMAL

SVC DLCIs

AITTM

PROF RAJ KAMAL

DLCI Inside the Network

AITTM

The DLCI are also assigned between two

DCEs (switches) inside the network
A switch assigns a DLCI to each VC in an
interface which is unique for a particular
interface.

PROF RAJ KAMAL

DLCIs Inside a Network

AITTM

PROF RAJ KAMAL

Frame Relay Switch

AITTM

PROF RAJ KAMAL

Frame Relay Layers

AITTM

Has only physical and datalink layer.

Frame Relay has 1.5 layers as compared
to X.25 which has 3 layer.
Frame Relay eliminates all the network
layer functions and portion of the
conventional data link functions.
It therefore save processing time of
complete 1.5 layers.
PROF RAJ KAMAL

Frame Relay Layers

AITTM

PROF RAJ KAMAL

Comparing Layers in Frame Relay and X.25

AITTM

PROF RAJ KAMAL

Frame Relay Frame

AITTM

PROF RAJ KAMAL

Congestion Control

AITTM

Occurs if data rate is greater than that allowed by

network resources. (limited buffer size)
Frame Relay does not use flow control at data link
layer and does not have network layer.
Frame Relay allows users to transmit bursty
traffic and therefore has potential to congest the
network.
Two approaches are adopted for congestion
control one is congestion avoidance and the other
is traffic control.
PROF RAJ KAMAL

Congestion Avoidance
Backward Explicit Congestion Notification
(BECN)
Warns sender of congestion so that it can
decrease the data rate for transmission.
In full duplex mode response frames from the
receiver or predefined connection
(DLCI=1023) frame, from switch are used for
this specific purpose.
Senders response to the warning is by
reducing the rate.
AITTM

PROF RAJ KAMAL

 Forward Explicit Congestion Notification (FECN)

Warns receiver of congestion in network.
Frame Relay assumes that sender and receiver are in
communication and are using some kind of flow control
at higher level.

Discarding
If user does not respond to congestion notice the Frame
Relay discards frames.
Which Frames are discarded are subjected to section
called traffic control.

AITTM

PROF RAJ KAMAL