FASTENERS

A GENERAL APPROACH
Nelson Montaa
31 Agosto, 2015

Contents

Historical background
History of standardization
Terminology
Designation
Mechanical Properties

Historical background
It is considered by some that the
screw thread was invented in about
400BC by Archytas of Tarentum.
Archytas is sometimes called the
founder of mechanics and was a
contemporary of Plato. One of the first
applications of the screw principle
was in presses for the extraction of
oils from olives and juice from grapes.

Historical background
Screws
and
nails
became
commonplace in the Middle ages
and are seen in everyday items such
as clocks, armor, and furniture.

History of standardization
Standardization of screw threads began
many centuries ago, the first time a
craftsman who carved and filed screw
threads ever tried to make two screws, or
two mated pairs of screw and nut, come
out alike. However, in craft production of
individual threads or mated pairs of
threads, interchangeability was not a
requirement; custom fitting was the norm.

History of standardization
The first historically
important intracompany
standardization of
screw threads began
with Henry Maudslay
around 1800, when the
modern screw-cutting
lathe made
interchangeable Vthread machine screws
a practical commodity.

History of standardization
The first serious standardization
attempt at thread design came in
1841,
when
Joseph
Whitworth
proposed the first standard:

History of standardization
23 years later, in 1864, William Sellers
proposed a 60 thread profile, with this
change, only one cutter and lathe is
needed instead of three kinds of cutters
and two kinds of lathes, making the
process easier, quicker and more
importantly, cheaper to make.

History of standardization
By 1883, practically all corporations in USA were
using the Sellers screw thread while on the other
hand, Britain adopted the Whitworth system.
The parallel system did not pose a major
problem until World War II. As tanks broke down
on either side, the replacements that were being
rushed in by Amaerican factories would not
interchange with the original British threads
because the thread profiles did not match.

History of standardization
The
international
organization
for
standardization (ISO) was founded in 1947
with the objective of being able to provide
a forum for arriving at consensus between
existing systems.
Today, the ISO metric screw thread is firmly
entrenched worldwide and in doing so has
displaced all former standards, except in
USA & Canada.

Terminology
Screw: It is the term used for a threaded fastener,
with or without head so designed as to permit it to
be properly assembled in a pre formed internal
threaded hole or capable of forming its own thread
and secured by means of tightening the head.
Bolt: It is the term used for a threaded fastener,
with a head, designed to be used in conjunction
with a properly assembled by means of tightening a
nut.
Thus, the difference between a Screw and Bolt is
based on design capability, and not the actual
service application.

Terminology
Cap Screw: A term used to describe am
externally threaded fastener with a protruding
head, designed to be torqued by a spanner or
wrench and always preceded by a head style
such as hex cap screw.
Stud: A stud is a headless fastener, which has
threads at both ends. One end is inserted into
an internally tapped hoke and tightening a nut
on the other end induces tensin. If a stud is
threaded its entire length and a nut is used on
both ends, it serves the function of a bolt and
then classified a stud bolt.

Designation
A metric ISO screw thread is designated by the
letter M followed by the value of the nominal
diameter D and the pitch P, both expressed in
millimeters and separated by the multiplication
sign, (e.g., M81.25). If the pitch is the
normally used "coarse", it can be omitted (e.g.,
M8).
**Pitch: The
thread to a
thread. The
system an is

distance from a point on the screw

corresponding point on the adjacent
term is mainly used in the metric
specified in mm.

Designation

Mechanical Properties

Class: Used to designate the fastener

strength.
Class
is
a
material
designation equivalent to US term
grade.

Mechanical Properties

Mechanical Properties

Mechanical Properties

Mechanical Properties

NUEVO
TRABAJO

PREGUNTAS?

APNDICE