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What is Condensation?
Condensation in Daily
Life
Applications in Industries
Cooling of nuclear reactors and rocket
motors.
Steam power plants (condensers).
Refrigerating and air-conditioning systems.
Melting of metal in furnaces.
Refineries and sugar mills.
Process heating and cooling and so on..
Types of Condensation
There are generally two types of
condensation.
Film Condensation
Dropwise Condensation.
Film Condensation
If the condensate tends to wet the surface and
thereby forms a liquid film, then the
condensation processes is known as Film
Condensation.
Here the heat transfer from the vapour to the
cooling surface takes place through the film
formed on the surface.
Dropwise Condensation
In Dropwise Condensation, the vapour
condenses into small liquid droplets of various
sizes which fall down the surface in random
fashion.
The drops form in cracks and pits on the
surface, grow in size, break away from the
surface, knock off other droplets and eventually
run off the surface, without forming a film
under the influence of gravity.
Effect of non-condensable
gases
If a non-condensable gases are present, for
example- air in the condensing vapours in a
condenser because of leakage it hinders the
process of heat transfer .
The non-condensable gases collects in the
viscinity of condensate surface ,and the
condensing vapour must have to diffuse
through the gas film.
Laminar Film
Condensation on a
Vertical Plate
Assumptions
The film of liquid formed under the action of
gravity.
The condensate flow is laminar and the fluid
properties are constant.
The liquid film is good thermal contact with
cooling surface.
The Heat Transfer across the condensate layer is
by pure conduction and temperature distribution
is linear.
Condenser
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