Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Data Through
Observation
Presented By:
Rahma Chishtie - 16169
Tayyab Qamar 15962
Shehryar Sheikh - 16955
Types of Observation
Participant observation emphasises the discovery of meaning
attached to actions (qualitative)
Participant
Observation
Participant Observation
Where the researcher attempts to participate fully in the lives and
actions of subjects, enabling them to not merely observe what is
happening but also feeling it
Researchers
identity is revealed
Participa
nt
As
observer
Complet
e
Participa
nt
Observe
r as
Participa
nt
Complet
e
Observe
r
Researcher
observes activity
Researchers
identity is concealed
Determining Factors
The purpose of your research
The time you have to devote to your research
The degree to which you feel suited to participant
observation
Organizational access
Ethical considerations
Advantages
Disadvantages
Structured
Observation
Structured Observation
Structured observation(also known as
systemicobservation) is a data collecting method in which
researchers gather data without direct involvement with the
participants (the researchers watch from afar) and the collection
technique isstructuredin a welldefinedand procedural
manner.
2) Unambiguous
interpretation
6) Mutually exclusive
Advantages
Disadvantages