Course Content

Radio Resource Management Overview

Parameter Configuration
Common Channels & Power Control
Load Control
Admission Control
Packet Scheduling
Handover Control
Resource Manager
HSPA

I insert classification level

1
Nokia Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Module Objectives
At the end of the module you will be able to:
Explain spreading code allocation strategies
Explain code tree usage optimisation and parameters

Soc Classification level

2
Nokia Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Resource Manager
Functions
Code Allocation

Soc Classification level

3
Nokia Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Resource Manager
The main function of RM is to allocate logical radio resources of BS according to the
channel request by the RRC layer for each radio connection
The RM is located in the RNC and it works in close co-operation with AC and PS
The actual input for resource allocation comes from AC/PS and RM informs the PS about
the resource situation
The RM is able to switch codes and code types for different reasons such as soft handover
and defragmentation of code tree
Manages the BS logical resources
BS reports the available logical HW resources

Requests for other resources such as ATM

Transport resource manager
RNC HW manager (L1/L2)

Maintains the code tree

Allocates the DL spreading (=channelization) codes, UL scrambling code, UL spreading (=channelisation)
code type
Prevents code tree fragmentation, which may cause extra IF or IS HO's
With HSDPA, RM allocates a number of codes to a HSDPA code pool
For HSDPA users NodeB PS then allocates spreading codes per user and TTI from the HSDPA pool
Soc Classification level
4
Nokia Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Resource Manager
Downlink: Scrambling code separates the cells and spreading code separates connections
Uplink: Scrambling code separates the MS's
All physical channels are spread with individual spreading codes, Cm(n) and subsequently
by the scrambling code, CFSCR
RM generates DL spreading codes

widespread data

user data

scrambling
spreading
code
code

Soc Classification level

5
Nokia Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Resource Manager
Functions
Code Allocation

Soc Classification level

6
Nokia Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Spreading Code Allocation

Code Allocation Algorithm chooses the correct spreading code depending on the TFC type
C 2 (0)=(1,1,1,1)
C1 (0)=(1,1)
C 2 (1)=(1,1,-1,-1)
C 0 (0)=(1)
C 2 (2)=(1,-1,1,-1)
C1 (1)=(1,-1)
C 2 (3)=(1,-1,-1,1)

C 3 (0)=()
C 3 (1)=()
C 3 (2)=()
C 3 (3)=()
C 3 (4)=()
C 3 (5)=()
C 3 (6)=()
C 3 (7)=()

Code
Code Order
Code
Code
Order 1
2 (SF 4)
Order 0
Order 3
(SF 2)
(SF 1)
(SF 8)
The codes are layered from 0 to 11 according to the Spreading Factor (SF)
Cm(n) : The code order, m, and the code number, n, designates each and every code in the layered
orthogonal code sequences
In DL code order 2 to 8 (SF 4 to 512) are available (Nokia RAN does not support SF = 512)
In UL code order 2 to 7 (SF 4 to 256) are available
Soc Classification level
7
Nokia Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Spreading Code Allocation Example

Ordinary downlink speech channel, requires 30 ksps physical capacity (AMR 12.2 4.75
kbit/s). The code order is 8, which means there are 128 chips to illustrate one symbol (2n,
n=7). If the requested channel is 120kbit/s (including DPCCH and channel coding) data
channel, then the code order is 6.

Soc Classification level

8
Nokia Siemens Networks

Code
Order

Channel
symbolrate
(ksps)

Channel
bitrate
(kbps)

SF

DPDCH
bits/frame

15

7.5

512

40

30

15

256

160

low rate AMR Speech possible

60

30

128

340

AMR Speech

120

60

64

600

240

120

32

1400

64 kbps data

480

240

16

2880

960

480

6080

128 kbps data

384 kbps data

1920

960

12480

Presentation / Author / Date

Downlink Code Allocation

When HSDPA is enabled at least 5 codes are allocated
Code allocation is dynamic in RAS06 when more than 5 codes are allocated
SF = 1
SF = 2
SF = 4
SF = 8
SF = 16

Codes for 5
HS-PDSCH's

SF = 32
SF = 64
SF = 128

Code for one

HS-SCCH

SF = 256

Codes for the cell common channels

Max. 166 codes @ SF=256 available for the associated DCHs and nonHSDPA users
If code multiplexing is used, up to three HS-SCCH are transmitted and
need a code
Presentation / Author / Date

Soc Classification level

9
Nokia Siemens Networks

Downlink Code Allocation Common Channels

Pilot (P-CPICH) and BCCH (P-CCPCH) need a fixed code allocation
P-CPICH: CH256,0
P-CCPCH: CH256,1

AICH and PICH codes in Nokia RAN

AICH: CH256,2
PICH: CH256,3

S-CCPCH code allocation depends on number of active S-CCPCH in Nokia RAN

With 1 S-CCPCH: CH64,1

S-CCPCH

Presentation / Author / Date

PICH

X
AICH

P-CCPCH

Soc Classification level

10
Nokia Siemens Networks

P-CPICH

X
X

Spreading Code Allocation

A code is always allocated from the optimum location in the code tree. It makes the allocated
code and the codes in the branches below and above the allocated code unavailable
Code tree will fragment quickly if releases is not re-arranged
Re-arrangements in the code tree is done by reallocating the codes in better locations

In the above example 4 codes of equal order are allocated. The best locations are in the
same branch and very close to one another. The badly located code is released and optimally
reallocated allowing the use of upper layer codes
Codes are only reallocated when there is a benefit at two code tree layers above the code
being reallocated
Soc Classification level
11
Nokia Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

Spreading Code Allocation

WCEL: CodeTreeOptimisation
The parameter indicates if rearrangement can be applied to a specific cell.
range: 0 (optimization not used), 1 (optimization used) default: 1;

WCEL: CodeTreeOptTimer
The parameter defines the timer value that triggers code tree optimization, if it is not triggered
otherwise
range: 1 ... 65535 s, step 1 s default: 3600 s;

WCEL: CodeTreeUsage
The parameter defines the minimum usage of code tree before rearrangement is applied to a
specific cell.
range: 0 ... 100 %, step 1 % default: 40%;

WCEL: MaxCodeReleases
The parameter defines the maximum number of code release actions allowed in a code tree
before rearrangement is applied to this code tree.
range: 1 ... 65535, step 1 default 40;
Soc Classification level
12
Nokia Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

DL Scrambling Code Allocation

Each cell uses 1 permanent DL scrambling code that is allocated by O&M and is taken into
use when the cell is started. This requires scrambling code planning , e.g. for adjacent
cells.
WCEL: PriScrCode
range: 0 ... 511, step 1 default: No default
Identifies the downlink scrambling code of the cell
Is applied to all physical channels but SCH

Soc Classification level

13
Nokia Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date

UL Scrambling Code Allocation

UL scrambling codes are mobile specific and are allocated in connection establishment.
The codes are indexed from 0 to 224(16,777,216). Different UEs within the same cell must
use different UL scrambling codes
RM allocates UL scrambling code from a list of codes inside a single RNC.
For example RNC_123 can allocate codes from 1000000 to 1999999 and in the end it starts
from 1000000 again.
This allocation unit saves all used codes in a table and checks if allocated code is used or not

Since different RNCs allocate their own codes there is a possibility that two mobiles get the
same code. With code planning and Iur signaling (negotiating within RNCs) the above
problem is avoided.
RNC: ULScrCodeMin
range: 8192 ... 16.777.215, step 1 default:1.000.000
Defines the minimum value of UL scrambling code; it is unique for each MS.
The maximum UL scrambling code number is calculated by the system as
ULScrCodeMin + n*m
where n is the number of ICSUs in the RNC & m=8192 is the max number of user/ ICSU
This suggests careful configuration when considering HW upgrades to avoid overlaps
Soc Classification level
14
Nokia Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date