CHNG 5 - B T HOI V VN THI

CNG CC B CHA
5.1. B T HOI SEPTIC TANK
5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

5.1. B T HOI SEPTIC TANK

KHI NIM: B T HOI L CNG TRNH X L NC THI BC 1
(X L S B) NG THI THC HIN 2 CHC NNG: LNG NC
THI V LN MEN CN LNG.
IU KIN P DNG
CNG TRNH C H THNG CP NC BN TRONG, H
THNG THOT NC BN NGOI L HTTN CHUNG KHNG
C TRM X L TP TRUNG.
NH NG C LP, CCH XA HTTN CA THNH PH.
PHN LOI:
B T HOI C NGN LC
B T HOI KHNG C NGN LC (BN T HOI)
CU TO CHUNG: B C DNG HNH CH NHT HOCHNH TRN
TRN MT BNG, XY DNG BNG GCH, B TNG CT THP HOC
CH TO BNG VT LIU COMPOZIT

5.1. B T HOI SEPTIC TANK

5.1.1. B T HOI KHNG C NGN LC
TU THEO TH TCH B C 2 LOI:
B C TH TCH NH GM 2 NGN: 1 NGN LNG CN, LN MEN V
1 NGN CHA CN LN MEN.
B C TH TCH LN GM 3 NGN: 2 NGN LNG CN, LN MEN V
1 NGN LN MEN CN
CU TO: GM 5 THNH PHN CHNH
1. NG THNG HI: THNG HI V THNG TC. V TR
NG THNG HI PHI T THNG V TR NG CH T DN NC
VO V RA KHI B THEO 2 CCH SAU:
+ NG THNG HI C TH CM THNG VO NC
+ NG THNG HI C TH NI TRC TIP VI T VO NHNG
KHNG C NI VI T RA

5.1. B T HOI SEPTIC TANK

2. NG HT CN: PHI B TR NGN CHA CN
3. CA THNG KH: CN BNG P SUT GIA CC NGN,
KCH THC (100X100MM) HOC (50X50MM)
4. CA THNG NC: V TR T (0,4 0,6)H VI H: L CHIU
CAO LP NC LN NHT TRONG B, H 1.3M; KCH THC CA
THNG NC (150X150MM)
5. CA THNG CN: C T ST Y, C TC DNG CHUYN
CN LN MEN SANG NGN BN CNH KHI HT CN TRNH
HT PHI CN TI (V HT CN TI CHA LN MEN S GY
NHIM, CN CHA C X L). KHI HT CN NN BT LI
KHONG 20% CN. KCH THC CA TI THIU L (200X200MM)

HNH 38. S CU TO B T HOI KHNG C NGN

LC

5.1. B T HOI SEPTIC TANK

NGUYN TC LM VIC: KHI NC THI C A VO B, TRONG
B XY RA 2 QU TRNH:
QU TRNH LNG CN: L 1 QU TRNH LNG TNH VI HIU QU
LNG LN (L L DO V SAO KHI A NC VO B PHI DNG NG
CH T M KHNG TH DNG NG THNG S LM GIM HIU QU
LNG)
QU TRNH LN MEN CN LNG: L 1 QU TRNH LN MEN YM
KH. QU TRNH NY PH THUC: NHIT (KHI NHIT TNG
TC QU TRNH LN MEN TNG, V D: VO MA H T0 = 30 350C
TH THI GIAN LN MEN L 60 NGY; VO MA NG T0 200C TH
THI GIAN LN MEN L 120 NGY), PH: PH = 4.8 8.6 TH VI SINH
VT C TH HOT NG C (NC THI TM, GIT C TH CHO
VO), PH TI U L 6 7.

5.1. B T HOI SEPTIC TANK

CC THNG S LM VIC CA B T HOI:
THI GIAN LU NC TRONG B: 1 - 3 NGY.
HIU QU LNG CN: 40 60% (PH THUC VO NHIT V CH
QUN L, VN HNH B)
QU TRNH LN MEN CH YU DIN RA TRONG GIAI ON U L
LN MEN AXIT.
CC CHT KH CH4, CO2, H2S,) NI LN KO THEO CC HT CN
KHC C TH LM CHO NC THI NHIM BN LI V TO NN 1
LP VNG NI TRN MT NC. CHIU DY LP VNG T 0,3 0,5M.
B T HOI C TH A VO S DNG NGAY SAU KHI XY DNG.
BN CN LN MEN PHI C HT SAU 1 N 3 NM B HOT
NG (TU THUC DUNG TCH B). KHI HT BN CN NG HT CA
MY BM PHI T SU XUNG Y B V PHI GI LI KHONG
20% LNG BN CN GY MEN CHO BN CN TI T SAU.

5.1. B T HOI SEPTIC TANK

KHI HT BN CN RA KHI B, HN HP BN CN NC THNG C
BOD5= 6000 MG/L, TSS = 15000 MG/L, TNG NIT = 700 MG/L (NNH3 = 400
MG/L), TNG PHOTPHO = 250 MG/L V TNG DU M = 8000 MG/L.
BN CN LN MEN C LM KH TRN SN PHI BN, TRONG
HM LM VI SINH HOC X L TIP TC TRONG CC BI LC NGP
NC TRNG CY PHA TRN.
KHI RA KHI B, COD CA NC THI GIM 25 50%.
BNG NNG GII HN CC CHT BN TRONG NC THI RA KHI BTH
- BOD5: 120 140 mg/l

- Tng nit: 25 80 mg/l

- Tng cc cht rn: 50 100 - Tng photpho: 10 20 mg/l

mg/l
- Nit amni (N-NH3): 20 - 50
mg/l

- Tng

Coliform:103106

MPN/100ml
- Virut: 105 107 PFU/ml

5.1. B T HOI SEPTIC TANK

B TR B T HOI: C 3 CCH
CCH 1: NGAY DI KHU V SINH TRONG NH:
+ U IM: TN DNG C KT CU CA NH, NG NG
NGN DO T TC, NHIT TRONG NH N NH --> CH
LM VIC TT HN (NHT L MA NG)
+ NHC IM: KT CU MNG CA NH PHI C CHNG
THM TT V PHI C LP T NGAY T KHI MNG NU
KHNG S B NT GIA 2 LP C V MI.
CCH 2: B TR RING NGOI NH, KHI CC U NHC IM
NGC LI VI CCH 1 --> THNG P DNG I VI CC CNG
TRNH CHUNG C LOI LN, KHCH SN C NHIU N NGUYN,
CCH 3: T TRONG TNG HM, NU NG RA CA B THP HN
CT CNG THOT NC SN NH TH PHI DT BM CHM 1 NGN
BN CNH (KHNG C T NG HT CA BM TRC TIP NGN
T HOI)

5.1. B T HOI SEPTIC TANK

U IM: CU TO N GIN, D QUN L, HIU QU LNG (GI CN) CAO
NHC IM: KHI CN PHN HU TO THNH CC KH CH4, H2S, CO2, NI
LN TRN MT NC (CC BT KH) TO THNH 1 LP MNG. CC CN
MNG C KCH THC RT NH, T TAN RA V THEO NC CHY RA NGOI
(CHIU DY MNG KHONG 40MM)
NG DNG:
THNG DNG X L NC THI TI CH CHO CC NGI NH KHU
TP TH, CM DN C DI 500 NGI HOC LU LNG NC THI
DI 30M3/NGY. HIN NAY, XU HNG CA CC TH VIT NAM V
CC NC TRN TH GII L THIT K B T HOI NH 1 CNG TRNH X
L NC THI TI CH TRONG IU KIN XLNT PHN TN.

B T HOI THNG C XY DNG C LP HOC KT HP VI

CC CNG TRNH X L NC THI KHC NH NGN LC SINH HC K

KH, GING THM, HO LC, BI LC NGP NC, PH THUC VO C
IM, CNG SUT H THNG THOT NC, IU KIN T AI, KH HU
THI TIT KHU VC,

S NG DNG B T HOI X L NC THI TI

CH
CNG TRNH
XLNT
V TR XY
DNG CNG
TRNH V
IU KIN
T AI
THUN LI

V TR XY
DNG CNG
TRNH V
IU KIN
T AI KH
KHN

B T HOI

B T HOI TIP
THEO L H
THNG X L
SINH HC HIU
KH HOC B LC
CT HOT NG
GIN ON

HTTN

XLNT TIP TC
HOC TIP NHN
NC THI

NC THI
T CHY,
GIN ON

GING, HO, B
HOC BI THM
HOT NG GIN
ON THEO
CHU K

NC THI
C BM V
PHN PHI,
NH LNG
THEO CHU K

HO HP PH,
HO HOC BI
BAY HI NC,
BI LC NGP
NC, KH
TRNG V X
NC THI RA
NGUN NC.

5.1. B T HOI SEPTIC TANK

5.1.2. B T HOI C NGN LC
DO B T HOI KHNG C NGN LC KHI NC RA EM THEO
CN DO BT KH NI LN NN CI TIN THNH B C NGN
LC VI H THNG THU NC DI Y (MNG HOC
MNG).
CU TO 2 NGN U TNG T NH B KHNG C NGN LC,
NHNG NGN LC C TH THIT K THEO KIU LC K KH
HOC HIU KH.
HIN NAY, XU HNG XY DNG B T HOI KT HP CC
NGN LC K KH, HOT NG THEO NGUYN L LC NGC
T DI LN VI CHIU DY LP VT LIU 0,5-0,6M PHN B T
TRN XUNG NH SAU:
LP SI HOC DM D = 3 - 6MM, DY 0,1 - 0,2M
LP CUI, SI HOC , D = 12 - 15MM, DY 0,4M

5.1. B T HOI SEPTIC TANK

5.1.2. B T HOI C NGN LC

B T HOI HIU KH C CU TO GM 4 N 5 LP VT LIU

LC B TR NH HNH V.

NGUYN TC LM VIC: NC T B T HOI KHNG C NGN

LC SANG NGN LC. NH VI SINH VT HIU KH HOT NG
TRN B MT S PHN HY CC MNG CN. DO CUNG
CP OXY CHO QU TRNH PHN HU HIU KH PHI LM NHIU
NG THNG HI.

U IM: CHT LNG NC TT HN

NHC IM: QUN L KH (V D B TC SAU 1 THI GIAN S

DNG) V PHI THAY, RA VT LIU LC.

S B T HOI VI NGN LC K KH

5.1. B T HOI SEPTIC TANK

5.1.3. TNH TON THIT K B T HOI

TH TCH PHN LNG CA B T HOI

a.N .T1
W1
, m3
1000

TH TCH PHN CHA V LN MEN CN

TNG TH TCH CA B: W = W1 + W2

b.N .T2
W2
, m3
1000

TRONG :
A: TIU CHUN THI NC CA 1 NGI TRONG 1 NGY (L/NGI.NGY)
B: TIU CHUN CN LNG LI TRONG B T HOI CA 1 NGI TRONG 1
NGY (L/NGI.NGY); B PH THUC CHU K HT CN T, NU T < 1
NM TH B = 0,1, NU B > 1 NM TH B = 0,08
T1: THI GIAN LU NC TRONG B T HOI
T2: THI GIAN GIA 2 LN HT BN CN LN MEN
N: S NGI S DNG B T HOI (NGI)

TH TCH B T HOI CHO NH LY THEO QUY CHUN H THNG

CTN TRONG NH V CNG TRNH NXB XD H NI 2000
Ngi nh gia nh

Ngi nh c nhiu

Th tch ti thiu

c lp

gia nh v cn h

ca bth, m3

1 hoc 2 phng ng

2.8

3 hoc 2 phng ng

3.8

4 hoc 2 phng ng

2 cn h

4.5

5 hoc 6 phng ng

3 cn h

5.7

4 cn h

7.6

5 cn h

8.5

6 cn h

9.5

7 cn h

10.5

8 cn h

11.4

9 cn h

12.3

10 cn h

13.3

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

5.2.1. NGUYN TC CHUNG
QUAN H GIA GII PHP KT CU V CNG NNG: GII PHP
KT CU PHI P NG C CC YU CU V CNG NNG
T RA CHO CNG TRNH. KT CU C LA CHN TRN C
S NH GI KH NNG CHU TI TRNG THNG NG V TI
TRNG NGANG (P LC NC, P LC T), NHNG BIN
THIN NHIT V LN LCH C TH XY RA.
TNH KH THI CA PHNG N THIT K: VIC LA CHN
PHNG N THIT K PH THUC NHIU YU T, CHP
NHN 1 PHNG N PHI TO DNG NHIU PHNG N V
CN C VO YU CU, NHIM V, THIT K..

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

A. CC YU CU V KINH T - K THUT
V K THUT, KT CU B PHI C HNH DNG V KCH THC NG
VI CNG NNG T RA CHO B. VIC CHN KT CU PHI DA TRN
NGUYN TC L NI LC TRONG KT CU C PHN PHI HP L V
S TNH T RA C KH NNG TNH TON C.
KT CU B CHA PHI C TNH TON VI MI TI TRNG V TC
NG XY RA TRONG QU TRNH S DNG V TRONG QU TRNH THI
CNG. KT CU B CHA C DNG KT CU B TNG TM LN, CC
BIN PHP THI CNG B TNG, VIC LP T CC THIT B C NH
HNG NHIU N NI LC XUT HIN TRONG QU TRNH THI CNG.
CC KT CU B THNG C S DNG NGAY TRONG QU TRNH THI
CNG G LP V LM IM TA CHO KT CU VN KHUN V CC
THIT B MY MC THI CNG. TRONG 1 S TRNG HP, NI LC XUT
HIN TRONG GIAI ON THI CNG LN HN NI LC TRONG GIAN ON
S DNG 1 CCH NG K. KHI VA PHI IU CHNH KT CU, VA
TM TRNH T V BIN PHP THI CNG THCH HP GIM NH KT
CU, TRNH TNH TRNG KT CU TO LN NNG N NHNG CH CHU
TI TRONG GIAI ON THI CNG.

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

A. CC YU CU V KINH T - K THUT
VT LIU C LA CHN CN C VO IU KIN THC T CHO
PHP V YU CU C TH CA CNG TRNH ANG THIT K.
TRONG CC CNG TRNH B CHA NC VIT NAM NN DNG
B TNG C CNG CAO (THNG L MC 250, 300).
NGY NAY, KT CU B TNG CT THP C S DNG RNG
RI NH NHNG TIN B K THUT TRONG CC LNH VC SN
XUT VA B TNG TI CUNG CP N CNG TRNH, K THUT
VN KHUN TRT, VN KHUN LEO LM CHO THI GIAN THI
CNG C RT NGN, CHT LNG THI CNG C M BO
TRONG IU KIN CHI PH VT LIU THP. I VI B CHA
NC TH DNG KT CU B TNG CT THP TON KHI C
TIN CY CAO V CNG V KH NNG CHNG R R CA
CNG TRNH.

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

A. CC YU CU V KINH T - K THUT
V MT KINH T, GI THNH CA CNG TRNH C CU THNH T TIN
VT LIU, TIN THU HOC KHU HAO MY MC THI CNG, TIN TR
NHN CNG, I VI CNG TRNH B CHA NC C DUNG TCH VA V
LN TH GI THNH CA CNG TRNH TNH CHO 1M3 NC DAO NG
TRONG PHM VI HP. TUY NHIN NHNG CNG TRNH B CHA NC
C XY DNG TRONG VNG CN PHI X L NN MNG TH GI THNH
CNG TRNH TNG LN NG K.

B. TNH TON NI LC TRONG KT CU

TNH TON NI LC C TIN HNH THEO S N HI. NGHA L
DNG CC PHNG PHP CA L THUYT N HI, SC BN VT LIU, C
HC KT CU TM RA TRNG NG SUT HOC NI LC TRONG KT
CU. C TH T HP TI TRNG TM RA NI LC LN NHT CN PHI
TNH RING NI LC GY RA DO TNH TI V DO NHIU TRNG HP TC
DNG CA HOT TI, SAU TIN HNH CNG I S, S TRNG HP
TC DNG CA HOT TI PH THUC VO DNG KT CU V KH NNG
PHN ON CHNH XC CA NGI THIT K.

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

B. TNH TON NI LC TRONG KT CU
PHNG PHP NY DA TRN GI THIT L VT LIU N HI, NG
CHT V NG HNG. IU KHNG PH HP VI VT LIU BTCT.
THC RA, BT L VT LIU N HI DO, MO UN N HI CA BT PH
THUC VO GI TR NG SUT TI THI IM ANG XT, NGHA L
PH THUC VO TI TRNG. TRONG VNG CHU KO CA CU KIN,
BTCT THNG LUN C KHE NT LM GIM CNG CA CU KIN.
KHI TNH TON CT THP THEO TRNG THI GII HN, BIU NG
SUT TRONG VNG NN LY L HNH CH NHT, IU KHNG PH
HP VI PHNG PHP TNH NI LC THEO S N HI M BIU
NG SUT L HNH TAM GIC. MC D C IU KHNG PH HP
NH VY, NGI TA VN S DNG PHNG PHP NY V N M BO
AN TON (THIN V AN TON) V NHT L TRONG NHIU TRNG HP
S DNG C CC BNG TNH SN, CC CNG THC TNH SN HOC
CC CHNG TRNH TNH DA TRN C S PHNG PHP PHN T
HU HN GII CC BI TON V CC LOI V MNG KHNG GIAN,
BI TON PHNG CA L THUYT N HI. TNH TON NI LC
THEO S KHP DO KHNG C S DNG TRONG KT CU B
CHA NC.

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

5.2.2. TRNH T THIT K B CHA NC BNG KT CU
BTCT
GM 7 BC:
1. CHN PHNG N
2. TNH TON TI TRNG V TC NG
3. CHN S B KCH THC TIT DIN CC CU
KIN
4. KIM TRA Y NI
5. TNH TON NI LC V T HP NI LC
6. KIM TRA VNG V B RNG KHE NT

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

1. CHN PHNG N
CN C VO CNG NNG T RA CHO B CHA, IU KIN A CHT CNG
TRNH V IU KIN A CHT THU VN, IU KIN THI CNG CHN
PHNG N KT CU CHO B CHA. PHNG N CHN PHI C NHNG U
IM NI TRI V GIM CHI PH VT LIU, NHN CNG V MY MC, THO
MN CC YU CU K THUT V TIN THI CNG. TRONG PHNG N
CHN CN QUY NH CHNG LOI VT LIU (B TNG, CT THP) C
DNG TNH TON V S DNG CHO CNG TRNH SAU NY.

2. TNH TON TI TRNG V TC NG

TRONG TNH TON TI TRNG V TC NG CHO KT CU B CHA NC,
IU QUAN TRNG NHT L PHI NM C QUY TRNH VN HNH CA B
CHA NC, IU NY C NH HNG QUAN TRNG TRONG XC NH CC
T HP TI TRNG TRONG XC NH CC T HP TI TRNG TC NG
LN KT CU B CHA NC. TRONG TNH TON, TRNG LNG BN THN
KT CU B CHA C XC NH THEO KCH THC TIT DIN NGANG
GN NG.
NGOI TRNG LNG BN THN CA KT CU B, TI TRNG DO P LC
NC V T CN PHI TNH TON CC LOI HOT TI V CC TRNG
HP TI TRNG C BIT KHC QUY NH TRONG TIU CHUN THIT K

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

3. CHN S B KCH THC TIT DIN CC CU KIN
CHN S B KCH THC TIT DIN CC CU KIN TRONG KT CU B
C TIN HNH THEO 2 CCH SAU:
MT L: KCH THC TIT DIN CHN S B C TH LY C T
VIC THAM KHO CC CNG TRNH C XY DNG V KT HP
VI CC QUY NH V CHIU DY TI THIU CHO KT CU B.
HAI L: KCH THC S B C XC NH THEO TNH TON S B
NI LC CA KT CU. CN C VO S CA KT CU V TI TRNG
TC DNG, TNH GN NG NI LC TI CC TIT DIN (THEO CC
DNG S N GIN NHT). T , TNH TON GN NG KCH
THC TIT DIN V CHN CC KCH THC NY THO MN CC IU
KIN CU TO.

4. KIM TRA Y NI
Y NI L HIN TNG THNG GP TRONG CC CNG TRNH B
CHA NC. CC GII PHP CHNG Y NI B CHA NC C NH
HNG NHIU N S V KCH THC KT CU. TRN C S KCH
THC LA CHN S B CN KIM TRA Y NI CHO B CHA. KHI
KHNG T IU KIN CHNG Y NI CN PHI CHN LI KCH

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

5. TNH TON NI LC V T HP NI LC
CN C VO GI TR NI LC LN NHT V KCH THC CHN MT
CCH HP L TNH TON CT THP, CHN NG KNH CT THP V
B TR VO CC TIT DIN THEO CC YU CU V KHONG CCH
C QUY NH.

6. KIM TRA VNG V B RNG KHE NT

TRONG KT CU CHA NC BT BUC PHI TNH TON KIM TRA
VNG V GII HN B RNG KHE NT. TRONG TNH TON B RNG KHE
NT CC KT CU CA B CHA NC, C BIT PHI K N LC DC
TRONG CC KT CU. TRONG THC T TNH TON CHO THY RNG, S
CHNH LCH GI TR CT THP TNH C KHI TNH TON THEO CU
KIN KO UN C K N LC KO DC SO VI TRNG HP CH K
N M MEN L RT LN.

7. LP BN V THIT K.
KT QU TNH TON HM LNG CT THP CHO TIT DIN C TH
HIN TRN CC BN V PHC V THI CNG, Y CNG L KHU
QUAN TRNG TRONG CNG TC THIT K. KHI TNH TON NI LC V
CT THP CHNG TA CH TNH CHO CC V TR C NI LC LN NHT
NHNG TRONG CNG TC B TR CT THP CHO CU KIN DNG TM

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

5.2.3. KT CU B CHA
A. NP B CHA

KT CU NP B CHA C 2 DNG CHNH, L DNG BN PHNG V

DNG KU-PON (DNG VM CU). TRONG CC B CHA NC DNG VUNG
KT CU MI THNG C DNG BN PHNG KHNG DM C BI
KT CU THNH V CC HNG CT, TRONG TRNG HP NY KT CU
MI C DNG SN NM. TRONG CC B CHA NC DNG TRN C
NG KNH NH, KT CU MI C CU TO THEO DNG BN PHNG
KHNG DM, KHI B C NG KNH LN NP B C TNH TON V
CU TO THEO DNG KU-PON.

TI TRNG TC DNG LN NP B GM C: TI TRNG T LP PHA

TRN, HOT TI S DNG V KT CU MI C S DNG NH L 1 GI
TA CA THNH B CHU TI TRNG NGANG T THNH B TRUYN VO.
CHNH V L M KT CU NP B C TNH THEO DNG CU KIN
CHU KO UN.

I VI KT CU NP B DNG BN PHNG, TIN LI V N GIN TH

NP B C LM BNG KT CU LP GHP.

CC B CHA NC TI VIT NAM, KT CU NP B CH YU C THIT

K DNG BN PHNG KHNG DM. L DO L TNH TON BN SN
KHNG DM KH N GIN, CU TO CT THP D DNG, KHNG LM

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

5.2.3. KT CU B CHA
B. KT CU Y B CHA NC

Y B CHA NC LM NHIM V GI NC CHO B, NG THI L

KT CU MNG CHO KT CU THNH V NP B. KT CU Y B L KT
CU DNG BN, TUY NHIN KT CU Y B RT A DNG V HNH THC.
VIC LA CHN HNH THC KT CU Y B C NH HNG RT NHIU
N S TNH TON CA THNH V NP.

CC LOI KT CU Y B THNG DNG

1. Y B C CU TO CHIA THNH 2 VNG CH YU. VNG Y B
CHU CC NI LC T THNH TRUYN XUNG, KT HP VI THNH B
TO THNH KT CU DNG TNG CHN T, BN Y B CH CHU NN
DO P LC NC PHA TRN V PHN LC NN PHA DI NN C CU
TO MNG. LIN KT GIA 2 VNG C CU TO NH 1 KHE CO GIN,
GIA 2 VNG C 1 GING NGN NC. U IM: TIT KIM VT LIU,
TNH TON N GIN. NHC IM: CH PH HP VNG C A CHT
CNG TRNH TT, KHNG B LN NHIU, VIC CH TO V THI CNG CC
LIN KT I HI CNG NGH CAO. VN, LOI NY C S DNG DUY
NHT TI B CHA NC NM NC TH C - TP. HCM T NM 1975 V

CU TO KHE CO GIN CHO TNG HM, Y B

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

5.2.3. KT CU B CHA
2. BN Y PHA TRONG B C B TR CC HNG CT
KT CU MI V GIM CHIU DY TNH TON CA BN Y. Y
C CHIU DY KHNG I, LM VIC DNG MNG B TRN NN
N HI. BN Y TA LN CC TM THNH V CC HNG CT
CHU PHN LC NN (PHN LC T V P LC Y NI CA
NC NGM NU C). VN, LOI HNH NY C S DNG
TNG I PH BIN V: CC NH MY NC VN U TP
TRUNG B SNG HNG V B SNG CU LONG, TI Y CH
YU L TNG BN ST C CHIU DY LN (30-50CM), MT KHC
DO CNG NGH THI CNG VN CN HN CH, CC MI NI MM
C TIN CY KHNG CAO NN CNG TRNH B S DNG GII
PHP MNG B V Y B C CNG LN GIM BIN DNG
LN L PHNG N TNG I HIU QU.

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

5.2.4. VN Y NI
CC B CHA NC CHM HOC NA CHM CN PHI KIM TRA
Y NI CA B KHI B KHNG CHA NC. Y NI L HIN
TNG TON B B HOC 1 PHN GC B CHUYN DCH LN PHA
TRN. KHI B B NI LN LM CHO B B NGHING V MT PHN
Y B KHNG CN TA LN NN GY RA CHO B B UN V XOY
TNG TH. LC NY, NI LC TRONG B TNG CAO BT THNG
GY RA HIN TNG PH HOI B. TRONG CNG TC TNH TON
THIT K CN PHI KIM TRA HIN TNG Y NI PHI M
BO CHC CHN RNG P LC NNG CA NC NGM KHNG
LN HN TRNG LNG CA KT CU B V T PHA TRN B.
GII HN AN TON L 1 VN CN QUAN TM NH GI CA
NGI THIT K. PH THUC VO MC NC NGM M TA C
BIT, TH H S AN TON C TH NM TRONG KHONG 1,1 - 1,25.

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

5.2.4. VN Y NI
TNG TRNG LNG CHNG Y NI CA B TH THC HIN NHNG
BIN PHP SAU:

TNG CHIU DY CA BN THN KT CU: THNG L KT CU

Y, M RNG Y B TN DNG T PHA TRN XUNG
QUANH B KHI CHN B C XO RA. TRONG TNH TON TRNG
LNG CA T PHA TRN PHN Y B C M RNG CN
TNH TON VI TRNG THI T NGP NC, TRNG LNG TC
NG CA T DO VY GIM I (TRNG HP BT LI NHT).
TRNG LNG T TNH TON Y NI BNG TRNG LNG
RING CA T KHI KHNG NGP NC TR I TRNG LNG
RING CA NC.

P T PHA TRN NP B
TRONG CNG TC THI CNG B CHA NC CN C BIT QUAN TM
N VN Y NI V KHI B CHA HON THNH, T XUNG QUANH
CHA C LP TH KHI C MA LN NGP H MNG D XY RA HIN
TNG Y NI. CHNG Y NI CA B TH S DNG BIN PHP N
GIN L TO CC L THNG GIA CC NGN V L THNG VI BN
NGOI M BO CHC CHN RNG KHI C MA LN NGP H MNG
TH MC NC TRONG B LUN BNG MC NC NGOI B.
I VI CC B C PHN Y B NM TRN MC NC NGM, SONG
TRIT TIU P LC NC PHT SINH KHI C NC MA NGP Y B TH

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

5.2.4. VN Y NI
KIM TRA Y NI S DNG CNG THC SAU:

TRONG :

0 ,9 Q
k
F .P

F: DIN TCH Y B CHA (M2)

Q: TRNG LNG B (KN)
N: H S VT TI, N = 0,9
P: CNG P LC LN NHT CA NC NGM. P LY BNG
CHIU CAO H CA MC NC NGM LN NHT TI Y B
CHA (KN/M2)
K: H S AN TON, THNG LY K = 1,1 - 1,5.

CC GII PHP CHNG Y NI KHI THI CNG B CHA

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

5.2.5. CC MI NI TRONG THI CNG
a.

MCH NGNG THI CNG

HN CH CC NGUYN NHN GY NT XY RA TRONG QU TRNH THI

CNG B TNG B CHA CN C GII PHP CU TO KHE CO GIN V C
MI NI TRONG THI CNG. CU TO MI NI TRONG THI CNG L CN
THIT CHO CNG TC THIT K V NI T MI NI THI CNG PHI
THUN TIN CHO CNG TC THI CNG. TRONG CC KT CU THNG
THNG, V TR CA MCH NGNG THI CNG C CH RA TRONG IU
KHON CHUNG BI NGI THIT K V NGI THI CNG V C PHP
LA CHN TRONG S MI NI V V TR CHNH XC CUI CNG CA
CHNG C S TN THNH CA NGI THIT K.

TRONG THI CNG KT CU CHA NC NI CHUNG, V KT CU B CHA

NC NI RING IU NY KHNG HP L. THIT K KT CU CHNG
LI S CO NGT V CO DN DO NHIT L NH GI CN THN V TR
HAY XY RA V KHONG CCH CA CC KIU MI NI, IU NY L CN
THIT CHO NGI THIT K CH RA CHNH XC TRONG BN V V TR CA
CC MI NI. CC MI NI C CH RA TI NI THUN LI CHO CNG

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

5.2.5. CC MI NI TRONG THI CNG

B TNG MI B MT CA MI NI C THI CNG KHNG CNG

TRONG 1 THI GIAN NHNG CT THP C T LIN TC QUA MCH
NGNG.

MI NI THI CNG BN Y V BN NP, B MT B TNG CH TIP

GIP PHI C M CHT.

TI V TR LIN KT GIA BN Y VI BN THNH, CHO CNG TC

GHP VN KHUN THNH C CHNH XC V THUN LI TH MI NI
C T CCH BN Y T 100 - 150MM.

MI NI THI CNG KHNG C MC CH TO KHE H KT CU

CHUYN V NHNG TO RA S KHNG LIN TC CA B TNG V 1 S
KHE NT NH C TH XUT HIN, IU NY C KHC PHC KHI B
MT B TNG TRC V SAU KHI C M CHT V TI Y C
TNG CNG THM H XI MNG TRN B MT B TNG GIM S

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

5.2.5. CC MI NI TRONG THI CNG

VN S DNG CC CHT CHNG DNH (NH DU,) LN B MT VN

KHUN CNG THNG KHNG C S DNG V C TH N LM BN
CT THP XUYN QUA VN KHUN HOC CT THP PHA CUI CA VN
KHUN. B MT B TNG CA MI NI TRONG THI CNG LM PHNG V
KHNG C NHNG KHE, RNH. NHNG G RNH NY S GY KH KHN
CHO VIC LP Y V M CHT B TNG V CNG C KH NNG KHE
NT XUT HIN KHI THO D VN KHUN.

BT C LC CT NO CNG C TH TRUYN QUA C MI NI THI

CNG THNG QUA CT THP. NU MI NI THI CNG C LM TT TH
NC S KHNG R R M KHNG CN TM CHN. CHNG R R TT
HN TH TI V TR B MT CA MI NI C CU TO THM 1 LP X.
DI P SUT LN TH CC L CHN NC NM TRONG MI NI THNG
C S DNG.

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

5.2.5. CC MI NI TRONG THI CNG
B. KHE CO GIN

CC KHE CO GIN TO RA S KHNG LIN TC TRONG KT CU, DO VY

C CC CHUYN V TI V TR NY. KHE CO GIN C CHIA THNH 2
DNG:

DNG KHE C CU TO CHO 2 B MT B TNG TIN LI VI NHAU

(KHE CO): TI CC KHE CO, CT THP CA C 2 PHA KHNG LIN TC V
B TNG C LIN TC. TRONG 1 S TRNG HP, CT THP C
KO LIN TC, C TH CT THP C KO HT QUA KHE CO HOC CH
50% CT THP C KO QUA KHE CO.

DNG KHE CU TO CHO 2 B MT B TNG M RNG (KHE GIN): KHE

GIN C CU TO CNG VI 1 LP VT LIU XEN GIA, LOI VT LIU
NY C TNH CHT N HI V CHU NN TT, NGOI RA, VT LIU C
CHN PHI C BN TRONG IU KIN M T, KHNG C (CHO B
CHA NC SCH). TRONG KHE GIN LUN C LP X TRN B MT
TRN V C TM CHN NM GIA HOC PHA DI.

MT DNG KHC CA KHE CO GIN CN THIT CHO LIN KT CA THNH

B VI NP V NI MI NI T DO C I HI CHO PHP S TRT

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

5.2.5. CC MI NI TRONG THI CNG

CC B CHA NC CA VIT NAM C THI CNG TRONG THI GIAN

TRC Y CC CU TO KHE CO GIN KHNG C THC HIN, KT
HP VI CC MCH NGNG THI CNG CHA C XEM XT K LNG
NN 1 S B CHA B RN NT NGHIM TRNG V PHI KHC PHC
RT TN KM, PHC TP. MT TRONG NHNG CNG TRNH B RN NT
TRONG THI CNG L CNG TRNH CHA NC C XY TRN I
QUNG T - TP. HU. CNG TRNH NY C PHN B TNG CT THP Y
B DY 350MM, CU TO THP THEO THIT K GM 2 LP: 14A200 V
16A200 (THP AII), MC THIT K L M250, B TNG C VO NGY
29/7 N 31/71997 TRONG NHIT NNG, GI V NHIT CAO (35 - 370C).
B TNG S DNG L B TNG TI C VN CHUYN N CNG TRNH
TRONG THI GIAN T 20 - 30 PHT. QU TRNH KHO ST DO VIN KHCN
THC HIN NGY 08/8/1997, THIT B S DNG L MY SIU M (MASTEST ITALIA), TIU CHUN P DNG L BS 1881. S LNG KHE NT RT NHIU
(205 VT), KHE NT SU NHT L 80MM, CHIU DI KHE NT LN NHT L
1,6M, V TR KHE NT A PHN TRNG VI V TR CT THP. NH VY, C
TH KT LUN L B TNG CO NGT DO MT NC NHANH TRONG QU
TRNH NG CNG LM RN NT B MT, TRONG KHI CC MCH NGNG
THI CNG KHNG C THC HIN, HM LNG CT THP TRONG KT
CU CH DNG LI TNH TON THEO KH NNG CHU LC M CHA

5.2. CC VN THI CNG B CHA

5.2.5. CC MI NI TRONG THI CNG

TRONG IU KIN S DNG DI TC DNG CA TI TRNG L NC

V CC TC NHN N MN NH: CLO, PHN, VI, M BO CHT
LNG CNG TRNH TH X L CHNG THM V CHNG N MN CHO
CT THP L KHNG TH TRNH KHI.
CNG B TNG TUI 3 NGY LY L: 1,84 N/MM2
CNG CT THP: FY = 460 N/MM2
CHIU DY BN: 350MM
HM LNG CT THP YU CU: 0,4%
DIN TCH CT THP: 0,4%. 175.1000 (CHO MI MT) = 700M2/M
S DNG THP 14A157, NH VY CT THP T 14A200 L
KHNG M BO CHNG NT DO NHIT V CO NGT.

CU TO KHE CO

CU TO KHE GIN

CU TO MI NI T DO

A.
B.
C.
D.

Ti sao phi thit k cng trnh thu nc mt

loi phn ly?
m bo ch lm vic ca trm bm cp
1
V cht lng nc gn b khng m bo
V cu to a cht b sng khng n nh
V mc nc ca sng c s dao ng ln, tht
thng

A.
B.
C.
D.

Hy la chn s mng li cp nc cho 1

th mi c mt Ty Bc gip vi ni cao,
mt Ty Nam gip vi mt th c xy
dng v pht trin, mt ng Bc gip vi
mt vng nng thn ngoi v mt ng
Nam gip bin?
S mng li vng
S mng li kt hp vng pha Ty Nam
v ct cc pha cn li
S mng li kt hp vng pha ng Bc,
Ty Nam v ct pha Ty Bc v ng Nam
S mng li kt hp ct

A.
B.
C.
D.

Trnh t x l, tch loi cc cht bn gy

nhim trong nc thi?
Cht khng tan, cht keo, cht ha tan, vi
trng gy bnh
Cht ho tan, cht keo, cht khng tan, vi
trng gy bnh
Cht keo, cht ho tan, cht khng tan, vi
trng gy bnh
Vi trng gy bnh, cht khng tan, cht
keo, cht ha tan,