Modul Penyeliaan Dalam PTV

MPK 1033
Sejarah perkembangan Penyeliaan Pengajaran

History of Educational Supervision

18th & 19th centuries (1850 1910)
Inspection & enforcement
A form of citizen/lay persons inspection & control
Periodically review school facilities, equipment &
the progress of students attending the schools
Relationship of the inspectors-teachers was stern
& punitive. Characterized by telling, directing &
judging
1910 end of 1980s
School supervision
A primary extension of administration
Late 19th century
The lay boards were taken over by an appointed
supervisor serving as an adjunct of the
superintendent
Deal with more global concerns construction of
buildings & raising of school revenues

Early years of the 20th century

Supervisory inspection of teachers in the classroom
instructional
The 1st 3rd of 20th century industrial mechanization
& scientific management
The emergence of bureaucratic supervision tied to
goals, objectives & specifications
1940s human relations behavior was common in
schools an emerging theme of educational
supervision
1940s middle of the next decade, supervision
focused on processes rather than products.
Helping teachers develop as instructors rather than
judging performance.
Cooperative group efforts were maximized &
democratic interaction practiced

 1960s: interpreting curriculum projects,

organizing materials, involving teachers in the
production of school programs & serving as a
resource person to teachers in the classroom
Late 1960s early 1970s: more on teachinglearning process, new concept of clinical
supervision
Late 1970s: economic & political pressures on
schools had become so great. Supervision into
managerial roles
1980s: assortment of jobs with titles. Supervision
into administrative team
1990s: a shift from top-down management of
schools to school-site management. Teacher has
a greater voice in school decisions

The Evolution of Supervisory Roles:

1850-1910

Inspection & enforcement

1910-1920

Scientific supervision

1920-1930

Bureaucratic supervision

1930-1955

Cooperative supervision

1955-1965

Supervision as curriculum development

1965-1970

Clinical supervision

1970-1980

Supervision as management

1980-1990

Management of instruction

1990-2000
2000-

Cooperative leadership
?