Researched by

Javad VASEGHI AMIRI

Morteza
HOSSEINALIBYGIE

Presented by Shaik Zaheeruddin

Rollno=160614741006

As per guidelines, openings should be

located as follows

Tension force

Compression force

At equilibrium, C=T,
Depth of rectangular compressive stress
block,

Height of top chord

member

In the presence of opening in compression block, moment capacity is

also reduced.

Modes of shear failures at small openings

Nominal shear strength of concrete is

calculated

Top and bottom chords are designed

seperately.

As the stress concentration is very high

around the opening,diagonal bars are used
to control cracks

is the inclination of diagnol reinforcement.

As per Salam and tan et al in 1996,noted

that strength of the beam with opening
remains same as that of the corresponding
solid beam if the opening is in tension zone.
As per hanson(1969), samas and clay(1974)
indicate that the mode of failure remains
same as that of solid beam in shear.
As per hanson, opening of about 20-30% of
beam depth will not reduce the shear
strength of beam.

Beam size = 125x250 mm

Length=1.6m

Near to support

far from support

HSC

High strength concrete

If the diameter of opening exceeds 1/3 of

depth of beam, it effects shear and flexural
strength.
Presence of diagonal bars and stirrups
around the opening increase the ultimate
strength of beam.
Increase of strength of concrete doesnt
have effect on ultimate strength but it
improves serviceability of beam
20% of ultimate strength is reduced w.r.t
solid beam.