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Carburetor

Introduction
Spark ignition engines work on volatile fuels
Mixture preparation is outside the cyl
Homogeneity not attained in the manifold
Continues in the cyl during suction and compression
Mixture preparation greatly influences performance
Carburetion provides combustible mixture of fuel
air
in required qty/quality

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Carburetor

Carburetion
Process of formation of combustible fuel air mixture

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Carburetor

Factors affecting carburetion

Engine speed
Vapourisation characteristics of fuel
Temperature of incoming air
Design of carburetor

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Induction time
10 mS at 3000 rpm
5 mS at 6000 rpm

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Carburetor

Vapourisation
Pronounced as temperature increases
Conflicts with power output since mass of reduces at
high temp.

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Carburetor

Air- Fuel mixture

Chemically correct mixture (stoichoimetric ) 15:1
(complete combustion)
Rich mixture 12:1, 10:1
Lean mixture 17:1, 20:1
Useful 9:1 to 19:1

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rich

Carburetor

lean
Engine output

Fuel consumption

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Carburetor

Useful Air fuel mixture range of gasoline

Excess fuel
Too rich to burn

Excess air
Combustible range Too lean to burn

15

19

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Carburetor

Air fuel ratio for various conditions

Normal operation 16:1
Acceleration 12:1
Idling 14:1

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Idling : Rich mixture

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Carburetor

Idling : Rich mixture

Pronounced Exhaust Gas Dilution
Fresh charge to clearance vol. ratio is less
Backward flow , subsequently drawn back to cyl
Burnt gases obstruct contact of fuel with air
Richening helps contact

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Cruising
Exhaust dilution insignificant
16:1 is adequate

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Carburetor

Peak power
For best power 12:1
Also prevents overheating exht valve & surroundings

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Principle of a carburetor

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Simple carburetor

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Simple carburetor -_parts

Fuel strainer
Float chamber
Main metering and idling nozzles
Choke and throttle

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Carburetor

Anti dieseling
Idling high
Increase in comp. ratio due to carbon deposits
Engine overheating
Low octane rating
Heat range of plug too high
Glowing carbon deposits
Sticky throttle
Oil entry into cyl.
Engine tune up required

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Carburetor