Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SCARPATI (Introduction To The Lessons 1)
SCARPATI (Introduction To The Lessons 1)
Marco Scarpati
Degree
Text book
From page 3 to
page 305
Our course
Introduction
on International law
Basic rules of International Organization law
Working groups on International economic
law millenium development goals
Reports on working groups
Discussion
Examination
exams
13
In a normal world.
In our country
Growth rate
Life expectancy
statistics
statistics
World population
World by population
Economic world
democracies
Diversity map
Felt beloved
Condition of mothers
Law system
Gepolitical problems
International Law
International law is a body of rules that govern
relations between states, functioning of international
institutions/organizations and rights and duties of
individuals.
International law covers every aspect of relations
between States from aviation to Xenophobia and
beyond.
However, we will focus on those aspects of
international law that are of direct relevant to
international Organizations and Int. Economic Law
A short definition
States
International Organizations
custom
international treaties
general principles of law.
Subsidiary
Customs
Jus Cogens
Special
cogens.
Jus cogens are rules of international law to
which are considered so essential that they
can never be derogated. E.g. ban on torture,
slavery, genocide. Two states or more cannot
make a valid treaty making torture, slavery or
genocide legal.
Treaties
an international agreement concluded between
States in written form and governed by international
law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in
two or more related instruments and whatever its
particular designation.
- treaty, convention, protocol, covenant, charter,
statute, act, declaration, concordat, exchange of
notes, agreed minute, memorandum of agreement,
modus vivendi, or any other appellation
- central principle: consent to be bound
full powers
signature (authentication, good faith)
ratification (domestic and international, Article 14 of VCLT)
acceptance, approval, accession
reservations, declarations
contracting state
state party
entry into force
deposit
multilateral, bilateral, law-making
Treaties: Interpretation
Article 32
Recourse may be had to supplementary means of
interpretation, including the preparatory work of the
treaty (*) and the circumstances of its conclusion, in
order to confirm the meaning resulting from the
application of Art 31, or to determine the meaning
when the interpretation according to Art 31:
a) leaves the meaning ambiguous or obscure; or
b) leads to a result which is manifestly absurd or
unreasonable.
General Principles
institutions
International norms
Habit (customs)
Some norms codified into international law
Common Principles of National Law
Regional IGOs
Global IGOs
Nongovernmental
Organizations (IGOs)
Organizations (NGOs)
Professional organizations
Economic/business orgs
Political orgs
Cultural orgs
Religious groups
United Nations
67
years old
More prominent since end of Cold War
World government not
Major purposes:
Created
UN Structure
General
UN structure
Security Council
5 great powers
(permanent) and 10
(temporary) rotating
seats
Maintain worlds security
Decisions binding on all
member states
Re security situations:
Define security threat
Choose a response
Enforce through
mandatory
directives/resolutions
Choosing Non-Permanent
Members of the Security Council
10
non-permanent members
9 votes needed to pass resolution: (no one of
the 5 permanents have to put the veto, so no
one of them have to vote no. Abstention is
possible)
5 new non-permanent members chosen every
year for a 2-year cycle
Each region of the world represented by the 5
new members
World Region in UN
Western
Europe
Eastern Europe and OLD USSR territories
Middle East
East Africa
West Africa
EAPRO (East Asia, pacific and Oceania)
South Asia
Latin America (Central and southern America)
General Assembly
Secretariat
Secretary-General
UN Programs
Purpose
Autonomous Agencies
About 20
Ties to UN but not run by UN
Specialized technical organizations
IAEA (Atomic Energy Agency)
WHO
UNESCO
WIPO
WTO, IMF, World Bank
In Italy: FAO, WFP, IFAD, UNICRI, ILO School
Peacekeeping
Peace enforcement