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Social Perception

1. This document discusses social perception and focuses on three major areas: nonverbal communication, attributions about the causes of behavior, and impression formation and management. 2. It explains that a large percentage of communication is nonverbal through facial expressions, gazes, body language, and touching. It also discusses the importance of facial expressions in communication. 3. When making attributions about others' behavior, people tend to attribute internal causes like traits to others but external causes like situations for themselves. Sources of error in attributions include the correspondence bias and actor-observer effect. 4. Impression formation happens quickly but can be somewhat accurate, especially when based on intuition. People also use implicit personality theories

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521 views11 pages

Social Perception

1. This document discusses social perception and focuses on three major areas: nonverbal communication, attributions about the causes of behavior, and impression formation and management. 2. It explains that a large percentage of communication is nonverbal through facial expressions, gazes, body language, and touching. It also discusses the importance of facial expressions in communication. 3. When making attributions about others' behavior, people tend to attribute internal causes like traits to others but external causes like situations for themselves. Sources of error in attributions include the correspondence bias and actor-observer effect. 4. Impression formation happens quickly but can be somewhat accurate, especially when based on intuition. People also use implicit personality theories

Uploaded by

meowmix
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Social Perception Overview
  • Big Picture of Social Perception
  • Attribution: Understanding Behavior
  • Impression Formation and Management

Social Perception

MATERIAL FROM CHAPTER 3

Social Perception: Big Picture


How do we understand the behavior of others?
How does our understanding of others affect our
own behavior?
Three major areas of focus:
1. Nonverbal Communication
2. Attributions about Causes of Behavior
3. Impression Formation/Impression Management

Nonverbal Communication
Large percentage (maybe 75% or more) of the content of what we
communicate is NONVERRBAL
Ex: Charlie Brown

and his teacher

How do we communicate nonverbally? Facial Expressions


Gazes and Stares
Body Language

Scent

Touching

Facial Expressions

What emotions do you see in these facial


expressions? Universality of expression and
interpretation cross culturally, even with non-

Other Forms of Nonverbal


Communication
Gazes, Eye Contact
Ex: Cultural differences Respect? Disrespect? Kids w/ ASD
Stares
Ex: McK student
Body Language
Gestures
Posture
Gross Movements
Touching power differential
Tone of Voice
Scent

Importance of Facial Expressions


Phone Callvs. Face-to-Face

Facial Feedback Hypothesis


Ex: Botox recipients
Ex: Fake It Till You Make It
Emotions within us individually or between us socially?
Attachment theory emotional attunement at core of
development of self

Deception
How to detect it?
Micro-expressions
Interchannel discrepancies
Eye contact
Exaggerated facial expressions
Changes in linguistic style
Effects of Lying on Social Relationships
Decrease in trust
Lying in kids with attachment disruption statements
rather than questions

Attribution: How Do We Make


Sense of Others Behavior?
People Watching - Maybe this is why you signed up for a psychology course to
begin with?
Correspondent Inference (Jones and Davis, 1965)
Look for noncommon effects

Theory of Causal Attributions (Kelley, 1972) Internal or External Causality?


Consensus (check with others assessment)
Consistency (pattern of similar reactions over time)
Distinctiveness (pattern of similar reactions to other, different stimuli)

Other Attributions
Fate Meant To Be
Complex Causality More Than Coincidence
Action Identification goal orientation, long-term motivation

Sources of Error In Attributions


Correspondence Bias Fundamental Attribution Error
Others attribute causality to traits, lasting characteristics
Self attribute causality to situation
Gender Effects: Emotional vs Having a Bad Day
Why?
Actor-Observer Effect behind our eyes
Self-Serving Bias
Positive events: internal causes
Negative events: external causes

Impression Formation
First Impressions
Formed quickly
Somewhat more accurate than chance - but variable results
Best when based on gut (intuitive) reactions

Central vs Peripheral Traits (Asch, 1946)


Based on Gestalt psychology
Intelligent skillful industrious -

warm

- determined practical curious

cold

Implicit Personality Theories - Schemas

Impression Management:
Self-Presentation
Self-Enhancement Mirror, mirror, on the
wall
Other-Enhancement flattery will get you
everywhere
(Eddie Haskell can backfire)
Effectiveness:
Not necessarily linked to future results
People who engage in impression

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