We cross two parents, and self repeatedly many plants per generation to create the Fe, This Fs consists of 1000 plants. ‘me parents dere or 3 SP marker. (Both homozygous states andthe neteoaygous sate can be recognized) ‘Tha est parent ares alle AA, the parent alee a (rm marker nation: Ps 3; P2-b) Caleate: how many of the 10008 plants are expected tobe heterorygous (h) for the marker locs? bs 250 e500 1000 ‘Tre conet answers (rom 1 0.0078) I the Fs 1/2" heterrygus. Ts Raton sede y at ach round of lig, nF (=F: 8 pres Shee he aon ratueed to 12” “he coat espns: b ae Calculate the proportion of homozygous plants in an Fs if 4 and B are linked with only 10% recombination. ‘The percentage of homozygous plants fs then’ a. 25% b. 33% Oc. 38% 2 de 419% e, 505% £629 Gata] Sorry, incorrect answer, 416 ie correc Gametesleadingto | Frequency of | Frequency of homozygosity mating homozygous plants (linkage) ‘of that type ‘AB/AB (par) 0.45™0.45__| 0.2025 ‘Ab/Ab (rec) 0.05 70.05 | 0.0025 aB/aB (rec) 0.05*0.05 [0.0025 ‘ab/ab (par) 0.45*0.45 | 0.2025, Total proportion homozygous plants oat “Tho correc response: dWhich homozygous genotypes will arise after repeated selfing of the F: derived fram the cross: AABBcc x AABBCC --> AABbCc ? ‘a. AABBCC and AALDCC O b. AABBcc, AABBCC and AAbbeo © © AABBCC, AADDCC, AABBcc and AAbbcc (© d. AABBCC, AADBCC, AABBcc, AAbbcc, aaBBCC, aabbCC, aaBBcc and aabbec Check Answer Sorry, incorrect answer. Genotypes AABBCC, AADC, AABBcc and AabDcc wil arse; all oc for which the parents difer will either become homozygous P: or homozygous parent P, ‘AABBcc and AADDCC are the parental types: ote that other combinations are possible as wall. (They are called "racombinatlone",) “The correct response: ¢ ea ‘A breeder finds 2 mutant tulip with white flowers within a cultivar with pink flowers, Which statement is true: > a, This mutant is likely caused by 2 defect color gene, and is therefore potentially useful as a new cultivar. b. This mutant is likely caused by a defect color gene, and is therefore not useful as 2 new cultivar. © €. This mutant is likely to have also several other mutant genes, and is therefore not useful as a new cultivar. eee eae eee ee Sorry, incorrect answer. In tulips, many cultivars exist originating as color mutants in other cultivars. Often, one ofthe genes infuencng Romer clr is detec, resuting in 2 changed lower ele. “The corec response: 9 hy do we cat random mating 3 “hype as (= ot east? a, Neahoourg pares ae mare alto mate wth each eter tan wn ore asant plans 5b. Eaiy-owerng ans may hae aratr chance to mate wh eer eary-owerng lis tan wth ats wh ater Noweing Hs. inne pinta, tl plans may rece lese ple am smal pars ante er way oun "nina one plans, pars ith mmr Aower cau or Fapance re mare yt mate an lars wit fret fer leur oragrance, #naets te ansertive ther preferences ‘he coc repesets mbt{Let us consider one locus with two alleles (4 and 2) in 8 population of 80 plants: ‘a (arfon) 3 Se ant) Calelate the frequencies of each genotype in tis population. The frequency isthe proportion on 80-1 scale. Answer the folowing three questions with 2 decals % snowide comprenension question, “The frequency of genotype AAI eqs betwen © and 1 (0 ot ein 5 a 00) We a cin ot ‘Tha caret oer) 0.2002 ‘The reaveny of panty 49 ‘The Frequency of genotype 33s ser, nrc nae 00 omy, ncn anne “a coect rapa): 25 The correct espenaas 65 The frequency of A gametes in this population is: Sorry, incorrect answer. ‘Assume each plant produces two gametes: one egg cell and one pollen grain. Total number of gamete 30 plants x 2 gametes 160 gametes. ‘These 80 plants will produce 52 A gametes: 2 x 24 (AA)+ 1x4 (Aa) 52. The proportion is: 52/160 = 0.325 A. ‘An alternative way of calculating is to use the plant frequencies: 0.3 AA plants will produce 100% A gametes, so also 0.3. 0.05 Aa plants will produce 50% A gametes and 50% 2 gametes, so 0.025 A and 0.025 a. 0.65 aa plants will produce 100% 2 gametes, so 0.65. 325 A and 0.65+0.02: Total frequencies are 0.3+0.02! 675 2. ‘The correct response(s): 0.325 The frequency of a gametes in this population is: Sorry, incorrect answer. ‘Assume each plant produces two gametes: one egg cell and one pollen grain. Total number of gametes: 80 plants x 2 gametes = 160 gametes. ‘These 80 plants will produce 108 2 gametes: 2 x 52 (aa) + 1 x 4 (Aa) = 108. The proportions is 108/160 = 0.675 2. ‘The correct response(s): 0.675‘Tekan preteen te et eatin Pollen cals Egg cells | 0.3254 0.675 a 0325.4 [tiem [020A 0675.0 [0am | vase a cemyoe Aad a prop on sean) ean resin. SE nec badgers ae Original Next generation | generation 1 ae a0 Soe a 308 2 aes Original | Next Next ‘generation | generation | generation i 2 A 330 B05 306 zt 35 O33 cog a cemyoes Aranda src on reap) ean resin. ERinen amas nares aay steno ca 308 oa 2 aes Oa Original |Next Next ‘generation | generation | generation i 2 ZA 330 O05 306 fe 35 O33 cog iF (ian [a Original | Equilibrium] After population | population | selection HA 0.30 08 0.937 aa 3.05 o38 3.481 What is more effective: selection before or after flowering? © a. They are equally effective in case we can distinguish A. and aa before and after flowering. © b, Selection before flowering is more effective, since elimination of aa plants will reduce both male and female 2 gametes. © & Selection before flowering is more effective, since elimination of aa plants will only reduce the female a gametes. © d, Selection after flowering is more effective, since elimination of aa plants will reduce both male and female a gametes. O e. Selection after flowering is more effective, since elimination of aa plants will only reduce the female a gametes. Check A Sorry, Incorract answer. Selection before lowering is mere effective, since elimination of aa plants will reduce both male and female # gametes ‘he correct response: b Steore sarePollen calls Pose Grate Eogcelis [0.325 | 0.675 Promie= 0.5974 [0.194 | 0.403 Genie= 0.4026 [0.131 | 0.272 TE mete at ttc pre nv ete ater Satan ens een et et le ete oe eg oat on a 8272 Equllbrium | Selection | Selection Population | before | after flowering | flowering ZA 0.108 0.387 ‘194 Fa. ‘O38 asad Wat may be drawbacks for genetic heterogenlty in 3 cr09? (a, ante may mature at dtecent tee, sa macnanical harvesting at onetime ls not posse. {i The quality characters of the harvested product may ifr toe much to be accepted by consumer and/or industry. ‘le. aneterogencous crop may be more sensitive to bloc and abiotic stress than 3 unfrm crop. (The breeder cannot deseribe the characters of his Crop since Indiguss Vary oo much. Asa consequence he may not claim a reward fr his efforts to improve the crop. (rack al correct ravers Sony, cree nant etccgenecu ge a ot more sneer. Oe th sport ue: herent ope may have mete ity te nithturd ic nds te. They Pat er vlerabity than tr es Mhecerecveponet) ab hater beeetol remove eae fom nih a orton logeroue cop? 2. we may bcs he 3b art AA or A850 hay aur the cesade Astle Sein tna! rail now ty aergnton ne ing wth ware 2 Aa, We mayen eee een of A ands the wth seh ter erm soot tea ype tate {Feenot neomtesieton eats eho contest mere or enema teint Regan ert ent ae ce pee eae es