2.

1
2.2
2.3
2.4

 ( )

(Properties)

 ( )

( )

 ( )

 ( )

(Ferrous metals)
(Nonferrous metals)

2.1

( )

 ( )

 ( )

(Ionic bond) (Covalent

bond) (Metallic bond)
(van der Walls bond)

(Metals) (Ceramics)
(Glasses)
(Polymers)(
) (Composite Materials)
(Electronic Materials)

 ( )

 ( )

 ( )

 ( )

2.1

2.1.1

(Corrosion)

2.1 ( )

(Oxidation)

2.1 ( )

(Ionization)

2.1 ( )

2.1.2

1. (Specific gravity)
4C

2.1 ( )

(Density)

(Specific strength)
(Specific stiffness)

2.1 ( )

2. (Melting point)

2.1 ( )

3. (Specific heat)

1C

2.1 ( )

4. (Coefficient of thermal
expansion)

1C

2.1 ( )

5. (Thermal conductivity)

1
1C

2.1 ( )

6. (Specific resistance)

1 1
( Ohm)

(Superconductivity)

2.1 ( )

7. (Magnetic property)

(Ferromagnetic
material)

(Paramagnetic material)

(Diamagnetic material)

2.1 ( )

2.1.3

1. (Strength)

(Yield strength Y.S.)

2.1 ( )

(Tensile strength T.S.)

2.2

(Compressive strength) (Shear

strength) (Torsional strength)

( )
(Modulus of
elasticity) E

(Hooke's law)

2.1 ( )

E (Stiffness)

(Strain
hardening) (Work hardening)

(Necking)

2.1 ( )

2.1 ( )

2. (Ductility)

(Percentage of elongation)
(Percentage of area reduction)

2.3

2.1 ( )

2.1 ( )

3. (Hardness)

(Brinell HB)
(Rockwell HRC,HRB ) (Vickers HV)
(Shore HS) (Knoop,HK) (Mohs)

2.1 ( )

2.4 2.5

2.1 ( )

4. (Toughness)
(Strain
rate)

(Impact test) (Charpy)

(Izod)

2.6

2.1 ( )

2.1 ( )

2.1 ( )

5. (Fracture toughness)

(Stress intensity factor)

2.1 ( )

2.1 ( )

6. (Fatigue)

(Fatigue test) (Fatigue

strength F.S.)

2.1 ( )

(S) (N)
S-N 2.7

2.1 ( )

7. (Creep)

( ) ( )
2.8

2.2

(Ferrous metals)
(Nonferrous metals)

(Ferrous metals) (Fe)

(Nonferrous metals)

2.2 ( )

UNS ASTM AISI SAE JIS DIN BS CN

S AA

2.2.1
(Pure iron)

2.2 ( )

(Carbon steel)

0.02%~2%




0.05%~1.5%

2.2 ( )

2.1

(Mild steel) 0.3%

0.2%

2.2 ( )

2.2 ( )

2.2.2
(Alloy steel)

2.2

2.2 ( )

2.2 ( )

1. (Tool steel)

2.2 ( )
(Carbon tool steel)

0.6%~1.5%

(Alloy tool steel)

(Cr) (W) (Mo)

(V) (Ni)

2.2 ( )
(High speed steel)

(Co)

2. (Stainless steel)

2.2 ( )

2.2 ( )

3. (Heat-resisting steel)

4. (Magnetic steel)

2.2 ( )

2.2.3 (Cast iron)

2.0~6.7%( 4.5% )

(Castability)
(Damping capacity)

( )

2.3

2.3.1
(Al)
(Al)

2.3 ( )

2.3 ( )

2.3.2
(Mg)

2.3 ( )

(Mn)

300C~400C

2.3 ( )

2.3.3
(Cu)

2.3 ( )

(Brass)
(Zn)

(Pb) (Sn)

2.3 ( )

(Bronze)

(P)
(Pb)

2.3 ( )

2.3.4
(Ni)

600C

2.3 ( )

(Monel metal)

64% 36%
(Invar)

2.3 ( )

2.3.5
(Ti)
(Ti)

2.3 ( )

2.3 ( )

2.3.6
(Ag) (Au) (Pt)

2.3 ( )

(Nb) (Ta)

2.3 ( )

2.3 ( )

2.4

2.4.1

2.4 ( )

1.

2.

2775C

3.

2 4 15.7

4.

2.4 ( )

5.

6.

7.

8.

2.4 ( )

2.4 ( )

(Glass)

2.4 ( )

2.4.2
(Polymer)
(Plastic)

2.4 ( )

(Monomer)

(van der
Walls bond)
(Thermoplastic)
(Crosslinking)
(Thermosetting)

2.4 ( )

2.4.3

1960

2.4 ( )

(Reinforcement)
(Matrix)

(Reinforcement)

(Matrix)

2.4 ( )

(Polymer matrix composite PMC)

(Metal matrix composite MMC)
(Ceramic matrix composite CMC)

( ) (
)

2.4 ( )

2.4 ( )