Chemical Mediators

Changes occurring in the

inflammatory response are due to the
production of chemical mediators in
and around the area of damaged
tissue.

 These mediators originate from,

CELLS
PLASMA
Plasma derived mediators are present in
precursor forms that need activation
Cell derived mediators-intracellular
granules-secreted or synthesized

 Most bind to a specific receptor

Some have direct enzymatic activity

Cell derived mediators

preformed-histamine,serotonin
mast cells platelets
Lysosomal enzymes
neutrophils,macropages
Newly synthesized
prostaglandins.leukotrines,NO,PAF
cytokines
all leukocytes

 Plasma derived
c3a,c5a.kinin system.coagulation
system

 Act on one or many target cells

Short lived
decay
inactivated by enzymes
scavenged
inhibited
Most mediators may have harmful effects

 The role of chemical mediators in

acute inflammation
(1) Vasodilatation
Histamine
Prostaglandins
Serotonin
Bradykinin

 (2) Increased vascular permeability

Histamine,
C3a,C5a,
Leukotrienes,
Serotonin,
kinins, PAF

(3) Chemotaxis
C5a,
Leukotrienes,
Bacterial products ,
PAF , Interleukins

 (4) Tissue destruction

Lysosomal products
,oxygen metabolites

 (5) Acute phase reactions

IL1 ,TNF, Prostaglandins

 (6) Pain
Prostaglandins, Bradykinin