BATUAN

DAN

TEKTONIK LEMPENG

ROCKS

(BATUAN)

Rocks are aggregates of one or

more minerals
Rocks are classified on the basis
of how they form

3 major classes of rocks

Igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks

Sediment

Rock Cycle
Each type can be formed from any other
Weathering,
transport, and
deposition

IGNEOUS
ROCK

Cementation and compaction

Heat and
pressure
(metamorphism)

Weathering,
transport,
and
deposition

Cooling and
Solidification
(crystallization)

SEDIMENTARY
ROCK

Heat and
pressure
(metamorphism)
1_11

Melting
Magma
(molten rock)

METAMORPHIC
4
ROCK

WHERE DO MAGMAS FORM?

Basaltic Magmas form

1. Where crustal plates are rifting

apart
2. Where oceanic crust is being
subducted
3. Above mantle plume hot spots

TOPOGRAFI BENUA
SAMODRA

AFRIKA

AMERIKA
SELATAN

DAN

CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY

DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY

Convergent plate boundaries

BUSUR KEPULAUAN

Convergent plate boundaries

TEPIAN BENUA AKTIF

Divergent plate boundaries

Mantle:
Peridotite (ultramafic)

Upper to 410 km (olivine spinel)

Low Velocity Layer 60-220 km
Transition Zone as velocity increases ~ rapidly
660 spinel perovskite-type

Lower Mantle has more gradual

velocity increase

Core:

Fe-Ni metallic alloy

Outer Core is
liquid

No S-waves

Inner Core is solid

PERGERAKAN LEMPENG

Where Magmas Form

Riftings

Subduction zones

Hot spots

Animation of Tectonic Settings and Volcanic Activity