Steel Truss system

Session 1
Steel Mechanincal profile
Steel cros section

Steel Mechanical Profile

Tensile Test Specimen

E = Elastic Modulus

A: Elastisc Limit
B: Yield limit (Fy)
C: Strain hardening
D: Ultimate Limit (Fu)
E: Fracture
F: Coreccted section Fracture

Steel tension Stress-Strain Diagram

Steel Truss System

Steel Mecanical
High strength steel (high
For Various steel
Properties
carbon)
Strength

Heat-Treated Constructional Alloy Modulus Elasticity

Steel
High treated carbon, low aloy relatively constant
steel
High strength low alloy
More Higth Strength =
steel
less ductile
Mild steel (low carbon
steel)
E = Elastic Modulus

Steel tension Stress-Strain Diagram

For Various Steel Quality
Steel Mechanical porperties:
Elasticity Modulus E =
200.000 Mpa
Shear Modulus : G = 80.000
Mpa
Poisoson number: = 0,3

Steel Truss System

Indonesian Steel Strength

Clasification
Steel Code

Minimum
Ultimite
stress
(Mpa)

Minimum
Yield
Stress
(Mpa)

Minimum
Elongation
(%)

BJ 34

340

210

22

BJ 37

370

240

20

BJ 41

410

250

18

BJ 50

500

290

16

BJ 55

550

410

13

Steel Truss System

Steel Behavior Affected

Temperature

Source: Salmon&jhonson 2009

Steel Truss System

Steel Behavior Affected

Temperature

Source: Salmon&jhonson 2009

Steel Truss System

Steel Behavior Affected

Temperature

Source: Salmon&jhonson 2009

Steel Truss System

Steel Strain Hardening due to

Peningkatan tegangan
Repeat
Loading
leleh
Peningkatan tegangan
leleh
Karena strain
hardening

Karena strain aging

Peningkatan tegangan
leleh
Karena strain
hardening

Step 1.
Tension force

Step 2.
unloading

Step 3.
Tension force again

Steel Truss System

Steel Classification
(ASTM)

Carbon Steel, Yield Stress: 210280 MPa

High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel,
Yield Stress: 280490 MPa
Heat-Treated Carbon and HighStrength Low Alloy Steel, Yield
Stress 322 700 MPa
Heat-Treated Constructional Alloy
Steel, Yield Stress 630 700 MPa
Steel Truss System

Steel Metalurgi Properties

High strength steel with Fy:322-700 Mpa made
by metalurgy Alloy (metalurgi compound).
High steel strength with Fy: 630-700 Mpa)
made by metalurgy Alloy with heat treatment
Structural steel cosntruction communly use
welded for its connection,must be able to
welded for construction, unfortunely more high
strength of steel, is more difficult to welded, so
the spesification of structural steel material is
not only high strength but also able to welded.

Steel Truss System

Steel Metalurgi Composition and The Effect

Carbon (C)
The Higher composition of carbon made the higher
of tension strength (Fu) and the yield strength (Fy)
but reducuce its ductility. The higher of carbon also
make the steel difficult to welded

Mangan (Mn)
Mangan willl raise the strength and toughness of
steel, make the steel more ductile

Silikon (Si)
Raise the yield strength but reduce the ductility, it
need Mangan (Mn) to raise the ductility

Pospor (P) and Sulfur (S)

Make the steel more britle.

Steel Truss System

Steel Mecanical Properties

Compression strength of steel (Fc)=Fy

tension

compression

Compression strength of mild

steel
240 Mpa
Compression strength of normal
concrete = 35 Mpa
Steel is 10x stronger than
cooncrete

While stress to force relation:

P
A

With an equal load (P), while compression strength higher ( ) so the

ross section area is reduced the volume reduce the strulcture selft
weight reduced
ability: Due to the less cross section area of steel profile steel structure more s

Steel Truss System

Buckling Due to Slenders

Member

Slenderness INSTABILITY PROBLEM on

compression member/element

Steel Truss System

Various Steel Section Profile

Name

Section Profile

Aplication

Equal
Angle

Roof Truss
Bridge Wind cross

IWF

Beam

H Beam

Colom
Compression memeber Bridge
truss

C Canal

Nonstructural (fence)
Roof Gording

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14

Various Steel Section Profile

Name
UNP

Section Profile

Aplication
Roof Gording

Karakatau steel section & bar

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15

Steel section
propeties

A : Gross Area Section (mm2)

Ix : momen inertia of strong axis (x) (mm4)

Flexural stiffnes
Iy : momen inertia of weak axis (y) (mm4)
Lateral buckling
rx : radius giration of strong axis (x) (mm)
stiffnes
ry : Radius giraton of weak axis (y) (mm)

Sx : Section Modulus of strong axis (x) (mm3)

Sy : Section Modulus of weak axis (y) (mm3)
Zx : Plastic Modulus of strong axis (x) (mm3)
Zy : Plastic Modulus of weak axis (y) (mm3)

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16

Section Modulus (mm3)

y

Yt=1/2H
Garis netral

Yb=1/2H
y

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Plastic Modulus (mm3)

Mp = T x d

Mp = Fy x A T x d

C
Garis netral
h H

d
T

Mp = Fy x Z
Z = AT x d

M=Mp

Steel Truss System

18

Plastic Modulus (mm3)

Mp = T x d

Mp = Fy x A T x d

C
Garis netral
h H

Mp = Fy x Z
Z = AT x d

d = level arm from sectional center gravity

of tension area to sectional center gravit
M=Mp
compression area (mm)
AT = Area sectional of tension zone (mm2)
y

B
d

hH
B

d 2

B t f ( 12 H 12t f ) 12 h t w 14 h
B t f 12 h t w

A T = B x t f + tw x h

Steel Truss System

19

Stability of steel section

The Steel section stability is must be consider escpecially for compresion
member (coloumn) and compression elemen (compression elemen on
beam)

The Stability of steel section profil are consist of:

On Compression member, the categories are:
Compact
: Stable steel section profile
Non compact : Unstable steel section profile (easy to
buckling)
On Flexure member the categories are:
Compact
: Stable steel section profile
No compact
: unstable steel section porfile
Slenders
: most unstabel steel section

The stability parameter of steel section is

the width to thick limits ratio

Steel Truss System

Stability of steel section

Stiffned element Vs unstiffned elemen
The present of stiffner on element is
affected the steel section stability.
According to Indonesian Standard the
stiffned element difined as:
(SNI 1729:2015)

Other wise the

unstiffned element is
(SNI 1729:2015)
define as:
Steel Truss System

Stability of steel section

Flange

Stiffened
Web
web
Stiffened

Unstiffened

Unstiffened
flange

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Width thick limit ratio

compression member
SNI 1729:2015
< limit value
compact
b/t

> limit value

Non-compact

Steel Truss System

Width thick limit ratio

compression member
SNI 1729:2015
< limit value
compact
b/t

> limit value

Non-compact

Steel Truss System

Width thick limit ratio

Flexural member
SNI 1729:2015
< p
compact
b/t

p <b/t<r
Non-compact
> r
slenders

Steel Truss System

Width thick limit ratio

Flexural member
SNI 1729:2015
< p
compact
b/t

p <b/t<r
Non-compact
> r
slenders

Steel Truss System