Tool Geometry and Tool

Materials

(i) relief angle;

(iii) lip angle;
(v) plan angle;

(ii) - back rake angle;

(iv) - principal cutting edge angle;
(vi) 1 auxiliary cutting edge angle

Functions of Tool Angles

(i) relief angle: Reduces Friction between
workpiece and the tool.
(ii) - back rake angle: Facilitates chip removal
+ + = 900
(iii) - principal cutting edge angle: Increase in this
angle cutting force reduces, but machined
surface becomes rough
(iv) 1 auxiliary cutting edge angle: Increase in
this angle cutting force reduces, but machined
surface becomes rough
+ 1+ = 1800

Required Properties
1. Hardness,
2. hot hardness (at elevated
temperature),
3. Toughness, so that impact forces on
the tool in interrupted cutting
operations (such as milling or
turning a splined shaft) or due to
vibration and chatter during
machining do not chip or fracture
the tool.
4. Wear resistance, so that an
acceptable tool life is obtained

Hardness
of various
cuttingtool
materials
as a
function
of
temperatu
re (hot
hardness).

Common Tool Materials

1. Carbon and medium-alloy steels
2. High-speed steels
3. Cast-cobalt alloys
4. Carbides
5. Coated tools
6. Alumina-based ceramics
7. Cubic boron nitride
8. Silicon-nitride-base ceramics
9. Diamond
10.Whisker-reinforced materials