At the end of this chapter, the student

will able to:

Explain the meaning of torsion, stress
and deformations. (CO4:PO1)
Use the relationship of angle of twist
and the radius of the element for
solving torsion problem (CO4:PO1)
Analysis and design of determinate as
well as the indeterminate (solid /
hollow) circular shafts subjected to
twisting couples, or torques by
applying the torsion formulas
(CO4:PO1)

In the case of diameters of different lengths of

shaft vary, it is necessary to consider the shafts in
different parts by cutting the shaft by appropriate
section numbers. The torsion force acting on each
shaft diameter can be determine using the statics
equilibrium.

Non-uniform
shaft subjected
to torsion
forces
T1
T2

Sign Conventions : Clockwise torsion +ve

Anticlockwise torsion -ve

T1
T2

Uniform shaft
subjected to
torsion forces

The angle of twist for the whole shaft should be

calculated as the algebraic sum of the angles of
twist between different secrions

2000 Nm

1600 Nm

Fixed
end

1000 Nm

60
m
m
A

Find the maximum shear stress acting on the shaft and

its twist angle at D

A
T

B
2000
Nm

C
1600
Nm

Using torsion equilibrium;

-T -2000+1600-1000=0 ; T = -1400 Nm (clockwise)

1000
Nm

A
A

1400
T Nm

2000
Nm

C
1600
Nm
600 Nm

Torsion diagram

1000 Nm
1400 Nm

Max shear stress occurs at segment AB

with max torsion = 1400 Nm

Max shear stress, max = T/J

J = /2c4 = /2(60/2)4= 1.2723 x 106 mm4
max = 1400 x103 (60/2)/1.2723 x106 =33.01
N/mm2
To calculate the twist angle at D (between A
and D), use
= (TL/JG)