Mon hoc He ieu Hanh

Tong quan

Khai niem ve qua trnh

ong bo va giai quyet tranh chap

Deadlock va phng cach giai quyet

nh thi bieu cho qua trnh

Bo nh thc

Ky thuat bo nh ao

Thay the trang

Quan ly nhap xuat

He thong file

He ieu hanh Unix

He ieu hanh Windows

Thong tin can biet

Tai lieu tham khao

[1] Silberschatz et al, Operating System Concepts, 6th Ed., 2002
[2] Silberschatz et al, Operating System Principles, 7th Ed., 2006
[3] A. Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems, Prentice Hall, 2nd
Ed., 2001

iem mon hoc

thi gia ky
20%, 60 phut
thi cuoi ky
50%, 90 phut
bai tap ln
20%
bai tap va thc hanh
10%

Lien lac
Le Ngoc Minh
minhle@cse.hcmut.edu.vn
Phone: 8.647.256(5840)

(Tap slide nay co s dung slide t cac nguon khac.)

Chng 1: Tong Quan

Gii thieu
Cau truc luan ly cua he thong may tnh
nh ngha he ieu hanh
Cac chc nang chnh cua he ieu hanh

Qua trnh phat trien

May tnh ln (mainframe system)
May e ban (desktop system)
a x ly (multiprocessor system)
Phan bo (distributed system)
Thi gian thc (real-time system)
Cam tay (handheld system)

nh ngha

He ieu hanh la g?
Phan mem trung gian
gia phan cng may tnh
va ngi s dung, co
chc nang ieu khien
phan cng va cung cap
cac dch vu c ban cho
cac ng dung

Muc tieu
Giup ngi dung de dang
s dung he thong
Quan ly va cap phat tai
nguyen he thong mot
cach hieu qua [yeu to
kinh te]

Ngi dung

Cac ng dung
He ieu Hanh
Phan cng

Cac thanh phan cua he thong

may tnh

1.1 Fig 1.1

Cac chc nang chnh cua OS

Phan chia thi gian x ly tren CPU (nh thi)

Phoi hp va ong bo hoat ong gia cac qua

trnh

Quan ly tai nguyen he thong hieu qua

Kiem soat qua trnh truy cap, bao ve he thong

Duy tr s nhat quan cua he thong, kiem soat

loi va phuc hoi he thong khi co loi xay ra

Cung cap giao dien lam viec thuan tien cho

ngi dung

Lch s phat trien

May tnh ln (mainframe)

X ly bo (batch, 1960)
a chng (multiprogrammed, 1970)
a nhiem (time-sharing, multitasking; 1970)

Lch s phat trien

(Mainframe) Batch system,

1960
I/O: card uc lo, bang t
(tape), line printer
Can co ngi van hanh
(operator)
Giam setup time bang
cach ghep nhom
(batching) cong viec (job)

Vd: ghep cac cong

viec cung s dung
trnh bien dch Fortran

T ong nap lan lt

cac cong viec t card
reader

Lch s phat trien (tt)

(Mainframe) Batch system

n gian
Uniprogramming
Khi mot job thc thi
xong, quyen ieu
khien tr ve he
ieu hanh (resident
monitor)
Resident monitor oc job
ke tiep t card reader
vao bo nh
Thc thi job cho en
khi xong

resident
monitor

user job

Layout bo nh

Mainframe computer
in 1967

Lch s phat trien he ieu

hanh (tt)

(Mainframe) Multiprogrammed system

Nhieu job c gi ong thi trong
bo nh
CPU thc thi luan phien gia cac
job trong bo nh
Tan dung c thi gian ranh, tang
hieu suat s dung CPU
Yeu cau oi vi he ieu hanh
nh thi job
nh thi CPU
Quan ly bo nh (memory
management)
Cap phat tai nguyen (a, may
in,)
Bao ve

1.2.2

Lch s phat trien he ieu

hanh (tt)

Lch s phat trien he ieu

hanh (tt)

(Mainframe) Time-sharing

system
Multiprogrammed system
khong cung cap kha
nang tng tac hieu qua
vi user
CPU thc thi luan phien
gia cac cong viec

1.2.3

Moi cong viec c

chia mot phan nho
thi gian CPU (time slice,
quantum time)

Cung cap tng tac

gia user va he thong
vi thi gian ap ng
(response time) nho (1 s)

Computer terminal, 1982

Lch s phat trien he ieu

hanh (tt)

Yeu cau oi vi OS trong he thong timesharing

Quan ly bo nh
Virtual memory
Quan ly cac qua trnh
nh thi CPU
ong bo cac qua trnh (synchronization)
Giao tiep gia cac qua trnh (process
communication)
Van e deadlock
Quan ly he thong file, he thong lu tr (memory
system)
Cap phat hp ly cac tai nguyen
Bao ve

Lch s phat trien he ieu

hanh (tt)

May e ban (desktop

system, personal computer)
Nhieu thiet b I/O: ban
phm, chuot, man hnh,
may in,
Phuc vu ngi dung n
le
Muc tieu chnh cua OS
Thuan tien cho user va
kha nang tng tac
cao
Khong can toi u hieu
suat s dung CPU va
thiet b ngoai vi
Nhieu he ieu hanh
khac nhau MS Windows,
Mac OS, Unix, Linux,

1981: IBM 5150

Lch s phat trien he ieu

hanh (tt)

He thong song song (parallel, multiprocessor,

hay tightly-coupled system)
Nhieu CPU
Chia se computer bus, clock
u iem
System throughput: cang nhieu processor th cang
nhanh xong cong viec ( d oan thi tiet)
Multiprocessor system t ton kem hn multiple
single-processor system: v co the dung chung tai
nguyen (a,)
o tin cay: khi mot processor hong th cong
viec cua no c chia se gia cac processor
con lai

1.4

Lch s phat trien he ieu

hanh (tt)

Phan loai he thong song song

a x ly oi xng (symmetric multiprocessor SMP)
Moi processor van hanh mot identical copy cua
he ieu hanh
Cac copy giao tiep vi nhau khi can
a x ly bat oi xng (asymmetric multiprocessor)
Moi processor thc thi mot cong viec khac nhau
Master processor nh thi va phan cong viec
cho cac slave processor

1.4

Lch s phat trien he ieu

hanh (tt)

He thong phan bo (distributed system,

loosely-coupled system)
Moi processor co bo nh rieng, cac processor giao
tiep qua cac kenh noi nh mang, bus toc o cao,
leased line
Ngi dung ch thay mot he thong n nhat
u iem
Chia se tai nguyen (resource sharing)
Chia se sc manh tnh toan (computational
sharing)
o tin cay cao (high reliability)
o san sang cao (high availability): cac dch vu
cua he thong c cung cap lien tuc cho du
mot thanh phan hardware tr nen hong

1.5

Lch s phat trien he ieu

hanh (tt)

He thong phan bo (tt)

Cac mo hnh he thong phan bo
Client-server
Server:

cung cap dch vu

Client: co the s dung dch vu cua server

1.5.1, 1.5.2

Lch s phat trien he ieu

hanh (tt)

He thong phan bo
Cac mo hnh he thong phan bo (tt)
Peer-to-peer (P2P)
Cac peer (may tnh trong he thong) eu ngang
hang nhau
Khong da tren c s d lieu tap trung
Cac peer la t tr
Vd: mang gnutella, mot mang trong Internet e
chia se file

1.5.1, 1.5.2

Lch s phat trien he ieu

hanh (tt)

He thong thi gian thc (real-time system)

ieu khien trong xe hi, day chuyen cong nghiep,
Rang buoc ve thi gian: ap ng cua he thong phai
thoa thi han (deadline) e x ly bien co (event)

Phan loai
Hard real-time
ieu

khien may no, anti-lock braking system (ABS),

airbag trong xe hi, robotics,

Do

han che (hoac khong co) bo nh th cap, tat

ca d lieu nam trong bo nh chnh (RAM hoac ROM)

Yeu

cau ve thi gian ap ng/x ly rat nghiem

ngat

Soft real-time
Multimedia,
Yeu

1.7

virtual reality

cau mem deo hn ve thi gian ap ng

Lch s phat trien he ieu

hanh (tt)

Thiet b cam tay (handheld

system)
Apple iPhone 4 (2010)
Apple A4 processor ~800 MHz
He ieu hanh iOS
512 MByte RAM
Multi-touch-widescreen-display
32 GB flash drive
3G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth
Camera, audio
Sensors: three-axis gyro,
accelerometer, proximity
sensor, ambient light sensor
Gia thanh (san xuat va
vat lieu): ~188 USD

1.8

Why study Operating Systems?

Build, modify, or administer an operating system

Understand system performance
Behavior of OS impacts entire machine
Challenge to understand large, complex system
Tune workload performance
Apply knowledge across many areas
Computer

architecture, programming languages, data

structures and algorithms, and performance modeling