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Parts and Functions of A Conveyor System
Parts and Functions of A Conveyor System
Conveyor System
Major Components
of Conveyor
Conveyor Parts
Conveyor Parts
How Conveyors
Function
Material Falls on moving belt that
carries it along
A continuous haulage system that is not
limited by cycles of batch movement
Requires a continuous frame and
structure before can transport material
over route
Significant Variations
Belt may ride on a frame with air holes a compressor blows air under belt. Belt
rides on a cushion of air.
Rollers wrap belt entirely around
material - used to allow vertical
conveying of material
Conveyor Belting
Parts
Carcass - woven fabric or material for
tensile strength
Skims - rubber layers between carcass plys
Braker - fabric coat above carcass to break
impact of load
Top Cover - A rubber that resists cutting
abrasion and sometimes chemical action
Conveyor Belting
Types
Multi-Ply - multi-ply carcass separated by skims traditional - trade-off between stiffness and
strength
Reduced Ply - complex interwoven carcass not
dependent on separate plys thinner less stiff for
same strength
Steel - carcass lengthwise steel belts - high tensile
strength - heavy ores long runs
Solid Woven - Carcass impregnated with
elastomer
Conveyor Belting
Elastomers
Most Elastomer Covers in Mining for
bump and abrasion resistance - good
natural or synthetic rubber
Oiled Stoker Coals may need chemical
resistance - neoprene rubber
Hot process Ores may need heat
resistance - check the carcass too usually limit to 75% of rated
Elastomer Covers
Conveyor Belting
Splices
Mechanical
Fast
Done by Hand
Easily done and undone (even when dont
want it undone)
collects dirt looses strength
Vulcanized
Needs big machine and time
Once done hard to undo
Provides Superior Strength
Idlers
Supports Belt and Material Load
Built with
Shaft surrounded by bearings
Then roll of steel or rubber
Carrying Idlers
Usually troughed with 3 equal size rollers
on a frame in mining applications
Some suspended catenary systems have 5
rollers
Carrying Idlers
Return Idlers
Usually Flat and one piece
Sometimes two piece V for belt training
Spiral roll to self and belt clean
Specialty Idlers
Impact Idlers for taking material
dropping onto belt
Belt Training (Training means keeping
in line in trough)
Can put idler off center to pull to side
Can put wheels on edge but wear belt
Can put v return to pull one way or other.
Pulley
Like Roller only belt wraps around
Head Pulley - turns belt back around to
return - may be coupled to drive
Tail Pulley - turns empty belt around for
loading - occasionally coupled to drive
Drive Pulley - Coupled to motor pulls
belt - usually special grip surface
Pulleys
Snub Pulley - usually used to change
direction of belt and increase the
contact angle with the drive pully (more
surface area to transfer power)
Take Up Pulley - Used to maintain
tension on a belt left loose enough for
some flexibility
Pulleys
Drive Pulley
Considerations
Loading a Conveyor
Belt
Need to get even load on belt and get
material traveling in same direction to
minimize belt strain
Chute - may use scalping bars so fines
fall on first and provide cushion
Transfer Conveyor - wear on short
replaceable belt get things up to speed
Vibratory feeder
Methods of Loading a
Belt
Methods of Loading a
Belt
Loading a Conveyor
Belt
Skirt board along edge for about 8 to 10
feet to keep material on belt and line it up
Loading points or transfer points are
common spill locations
Production rate is not really constant
Simulation programs can aid in determining
speed and belt size for network.
Unloading a Belt
Over the end of belt
Flatten to fast and stretch the belt
Flatten to slow material will spread and
spill over sides
for 35 degree trough need about 1.5 times
belt width to flatten
Methods of Cleaning
Belt After Discharge
Unloading a Belt
Plow - V on belt pushes off to sides.
Limited speed about 200 fpm
Need flat belt