Emulsifying Agents:

1) Carbohydrate Materials: (o/w emulsion)

Naturally occuring:
- Acacia
(best emulsifying agent)
- Tragacanth
- Agar
- Pectin.

Tragacanth danagar biasa digunakaan untuk menjadi

campuran pada emulsi pada bahan acacia.

Emulsifying Agents:
2) Protein Substances: (o/w emulsion)
Naturally occuring:
- Gelatin
- Egg yolk
- Caesin

Emulsifying Agents:

3) High Molecular Weight Alcohols:

- Stearyl Alcohol
- Cetyl Alcohol
(o/w emulsion)
- Glyceryl Mono stearate
- cholesterol
(w/o emulsion)

Emulsifying Agents:
4) Finely divided solids:
- it form a coherent film that prevents
coalescence of the dispersed globules.
- Bentonite
- Magnesium Hydroxide
- Aluminum Hydroxid

(o/w emulsion)

Emulsifying Agents:
5) Wetting Agents:
Anionic, Cationic, Nonionic
o/w emulsion
w/o emulsion
Umumnya protein lipofilik bekerja pada permukaan molekul. Pada anionic
agents, bagian lipofilik bersifat negatif, dan cationic agent, bersifat
positif.
Sedangkan pengemulsi nonionic tidak menunjukkan kecenderungan
untuk mengionisasi

Cont'd
ANIONIC garam organic dalam air yang memiliki permukaan
yang anion aktif
(sodium stearate, triethanolamine oleate, dan sodium lanoxyl
sulfate)
CATIONIC - senyawa yang memiliki kation aktif pada permukaan
dan sangat sensitif terhadap surfaktan anionik dan obat-obatan.
(alkylbenzene ammonium chloride)
NON-ANIONIC
(Lecithin, Polysorbate 80, Methylcellulose, Gelatin, Serum albumin)

Tretinoin Cream
(50 mg/100 g)
2. Manufacturing
Separately prepare solution I and
mixture II by heating to about 75 C.
Heat mixture III until a clear solution
is formed. To the warm mixture II
add solution I, then mixture III and
cool by stirring.

3. Chemical stability (2025 C, dark)

Months Tretinoin content Loss of
tretinoin
0 0.046%
3 0.047% 0%
6 0.046% 0%
9 0.047% 0%
12 0.047% 0%
Analytical method: Spectrophotometric at
358 nm in chloroform +
2-propanol 1+1 (E 1%/1 cm = 1,480)

4. Remark
It is important to protect the gel against
light to avoid the isomerizationand
degradation of tretinoin.