Implementing and Managing

Microsoft Hyper-V 2.0

Nicola Ferrini
info@nicolaferrini.it

Level 300 - Advanced

Who Am I ?
Trainer
Technical Writer
Systems Engineer
Server & Application Virtualization Technology Specialist
Technet Speaker
Microsoft System Center Influencer
More on:

http://www.nicolaferrini.it/ curriculum.shtml

http://www.windowserver.it/ ChiSiamo/Staff/tabid/71/Default.aspx

Agenda
Evaluating and Planning for Virtualization
Configuring the Hyper-V Server Role
Creating and Configuring Virtual Hard Disks and Virtual Machines
Implementing High Availability for Server Virtualization
Integrating VMM with Hyper-V
Creating and Deploying Virtual Machines Using VMM 2008 R2
Managing Virtual Machines Using Virtual Machine Manager 2008
Configuring and Managing the VMM Library
Configuring User Roles and the VMM Self-Service Portal

Virtualization Modes

Profile Virtualization

Document redirection
Offline files

Presentation
Virtualization
Management

Desktop
Virtualization

Application
Virtualization

What Is Server Virtualization?

Server
Server virtualization
virtualization enables
enables multiple
multiple virtual
virtual machines
machines to
to run
run on
on one
one
physical
physical host
host

Benefits:
Server consolidation
Service or application isolation
Simplified server deployment and management
Increased service and application availability
Multiple operating systems can run on one consistent
platform

What Is Hyper-V?
OS

Provided by

ISV/IHV/OEM

Parent Partition

Microsoft Hyper-V

Microsoft / Citrix

Child Partitions

VM
Worker
Processes
Applications

Applications

Applications

Applications

Windows Server
2003, 2008

Non-Hypervisor
Aware OS

Supported
Linux
Distributions

WMI
WMI Provider
Provider

User
Mode

VM
VM Services
Services
Windows Server
2008
Windows
Kernel

VSP
VSP

IHV
Drivers
VMBus
VMBus

Windows
Kernel

Kernel
Mode

VSC
Emulation
Emulation

VMBus
VMBus
Windows hypervisor
Designed for Windows Server Hardware

Linux
Linux
VSC
VSC
VMBus
VMBus
Ring -1

Features of Hyper-V in Windows Server 2008 R2

Improved
Improved VHD
VHD
performance
performance

Enhanced
Enhanced
networking
networking
support
support

Live
Live Migration
Migration

Hyper-V in
Windows Server
2008 R2

Cluster shared
volumes

Dynamic
Dynamic virtual
virtual
machine
machine storage
storage

Enhanced
Enhanced
processor
processor
support
support

Requirements and Limits for Virtual Machines and

Hyper-V
Host computer components

Virtual machine components

Component

Description

Component

Description

Logical processors

64

Virtual processors

Virtual processors per

logical processor

Memory

64 GB

Virtual IDE disks

Virtual machines per

server

384 running
virtual
machines

Virtual SCSI disks

256

Memory

1 TB
Virtual hard disk
capacity

2040 GB

Snapshots

50

Virtual network
adapters

12

Storage

Physical network
adapters

No limits
imposed by
Hyper-V
No limits
imposed by
Hyper-V

Demonstration: How to manage Hyper-V

In this demonstration, you will see how to manage and
configure Hyper-V using Hyper-V Manager

Using and Configuring iSCSI Storage

iSCSI Initiator

iSCSI storage:
Uses the existing IP network

Is configured using the iSCSI initiator

Should use a dedicated NIC

Required for virtual machine failover
clustering

Settings for Virtual Machines

Virtual Machine Settings

Exporting and Importing Virtual Machines in Hyper-V

Originating Computer
Exported Virtual Machine

Destination Computer
Imported Virtual Machine

What Are Hyper-V Virtual Machine Snapshots?

Snapshots:

Snapshot files:

Are
Are aa point-in-time
point-in-time copy
copy
of
of aa virtual
virtual machine
machine

Virtual machine
configuration .XML file

Do
Do not
not affect
affect the
the
running
running state
state of
of aa virtual
virtual
machine
machine

Save state files

Differencing disk (.AVHD)

Demonstration: Using Snapshots in Hyper-V R2

In this demonstration, you will learn how to:
Take and manage a virtual machine snapshot
Create a snapshot
Revert to a previous snapshot
Merge snapshots

Planning Hyper-V Hosts

When planning Hyper-V hosts:

Simplify and standardize the host platform
Consider using the Server Core installation option

Automate and standardize administration of the virtual server

environment by:
Standardizing the host and virtual server configuration
Implementing remote management solutions at the host
server level
Implementing VMM

Guidelines for Designing Virtual Machines

Guidelines:
Simplify and standardize the host platform

Plan virtual machines for specific server roles by:

Monitoring the servers before virtualization
Configuring each virtual machine with a hardware
configuration that is similar to the hardware required on
a physical server

Deploy Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2

based virtual machines whenever possible
Consider other options for ensuring physical server utilization

Designing Virtual Machines for SQL Server

Guidelines:
Ensure that the Hyper-V integration components are installed
Plan virtual machine hardware settings to match physical
server hardware
Use fixed-size disks and SCSI controllers for database and log
file drives

To ensure adequate CPU capacity:

Remember virtual machines are limited to four
processors
Do not over-commit CPU resources
Remember networking-intensive workloads require more
CPU capacity

Designing Virtual Machines for Exchange Server

When designing virtual machines for Exchange Server:
Use standard server sizing rules
Configure appropriate storage
Do not use virtual machine snapshots
Configure adequate CPU resources
Consider how to use Hyper-V and native Exchange Server high
availability
Consider I/O requirements

Designing Virtual Machines for SharePoint

When designing virtual machines for SharePoint:
Configure virtual machine hardware like physical server hardware
Do not take snapshots of virtual servers
Avoid over-committing the virtual CPUs
Consider deploying all of the servers in a server farm on a single
physical server
Assign adequate memory
Use only Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4)
Choose the right storage implementation for the SharePoint
server role

What Is a Failover Cluster?

Failover Cluster Functionality in Windows Server

2008 R2

Clustered Shared Volumes

Live migration
Processor compatibility mode
Windows PowerShell cmdlets for failover clusters
Additional tests in cluster validation

Configuration Options for a Failover Cluster Quorum

Quorum Modec

Description

Node Majority

Only nodes in the cluster have a vote

Quorum is maintained when more than

half of the nodes are online

Node and Disk
Majority

The nodes in the cluster and a disk

Node and File

Share Majority

The nodes in the cluster and a file share

No Majority: Disk
Only

Only the quorum-shared disk has a vote

Quorum is maintained when the shared

witness have a vote

Quorum is maintained when more than
half of the votes are online
witness have a vote
Quorum is maintained when more than
half of the votes are online

disk is online

How Does a Failover Cluster Work with Hyper-V

Nodes?

Shared Bus or
iSCSI Connection

A dedicated network
connects the
failover cluster nodes

Planning a Failover Clustering Strategy for Hyper-V

1 Identify the applications that require high availability

Identify the application components that must be highly

2 available

3 Identify the application characteristics

4 Identify the total capacity requirements
5 Create the Hyper-V design

Best Practices for Failover Clusters Running Hyper-V

Use Windows Server 2008 R2 as the Hyper-V host

Plan for failover scenarios
Plan the network design for failover clustering
Plan the shared storage for failover clustering
Use the recommended failover cluster quorum mode
Deploy standardized Hyper-V hosts
Develop standard management practices

Implementing Hyper-V and Failover Clustering

Install and configure Windows Server 2008 or Windows

1 Server 2008 R2

2 Configure shared storage

3
3 Install the Hyper-V and Failover Clustering features
4
4 Validate the cluster configuration
5 Create the cluster
6
6 Create a virtual machine on one of the cluster nodes
7
7 Make the virtual machine highly available

Demonstration: Implementing Failover Clustering

for Hyper-V
In this demonstration, you will see how to implement

failover clustering for Hyper-V

Configuring Clustered Shared Volumes

CSV benefits:

Fewer LUNs required

Better use of disk space
Virtual machine files are in a single logical location
No special hardware required
Increased resiliency

To implement CSV:

1 Create and format volumes on shared storage

2 Add the disks to failover cluster storage
3
3 Add the storage to the CSV

What Is Live Migration?

Considerations for Implementing Live Migration

Verify basic requirements

Configure a dedicated network adapter for the private virtual
network
Use similar host hardware
Verify network configuration
Manage Live Migrations

Demonstration: Implementing Live Migration

In this demonstration, you will see how to implement Live

Migration

What Is VMM 2008 R2?

VMM
VMM 2008
2008 R2
R2 provides
provides centralized
centralized administration
administration and
and management
management
of
of your
your virtual
virtual environment
environment

VMM is used to:

Manage Hyper-V hosts

Manage virtual server hosts
Manage VMware hosts
Manage and deploy virtual machines
Perform physical-to-virtual (P2V) and virtual-to-virtual (V2V)
conversions

Infrastructure Components of VMM 2008 R2

VMM Server
VMM Database
VMM Library

VMM Administrator
Console

Hosts
Host groups
VMM Self-Service
Portal

Whats New in VMM 2008 R2?

Whats new:

Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V Host Management

Enhanced Support for SAN Transfers
Enhanced Support for Shared Storage
Quick Storage Migration
Maintenance Mode for Hosts
Support for VMware Port Groups for Virtual Switches
Support for Virtual Machine Permissions Assigned in Hyper-V

Demonstration: Managing SCVMM 2008 R2

In this demonstration, you will learn how to manage

SCVMM 2008 R2

What Is Windows PowerShell?

Windows PowerShell is:
A scripting and command-line technology
Directly accessible through a command shell,
msh.exe
Used by GUI tools

Windows PowerShell features include:

Cmdlets
Aliases
Variables
Pipelining

Scripting support
Access to cmd.exe
commands
Signed scripts

Using Windows PowerShell to Manage VMM

The VMM command shell includes the standard PowerShell cmdlets,
as well as a set of cmdlets specifically for VMM, such as:

Get-VMCheckPoint
Get-VMCheckpoint -MostRecent vm "VM01" | RestoreVMCheckpoint
Get-Help Get-VMMServer

Types of Hosts That VMM 2008 R2 Supports

Windows Server based host in trusted domain

Windows Server based host in non-trusted domain
Windows Server based host in perimeter
ESX based host

Supported Virtualization platforms:

Virtual Server 2005 R2
Hyper-V
VMware ESX Server 3.0 or above
VMware ESX Server 3.5i
VMware VirtualCenter (VC) 2.5 (VMware Infrastructure 3
[VI3])
VMware vSphere 4 (VI3 features only)

Demonstration: Adding Hosts to SCVMM

In this demonstration, you will learn how to add hosts to

SCVMM 2008 R2

Supported Guest Operating System Platforms for

Virtual Machines
Server
Server operating
operating systems
systems that
that the
the child
child partition
partition supports:
supports:
Windows
Windows 2000
2000 Server
Server SP4
SP4
Windows
Windows Server
Server 2003
2003 SP2
SP2 (x86
(x86 Edition
Edition or
or x64
x64 Edition)
Edition)
Windows
Windows Server
Server 2003
2003 R2
R2 SP2
SP2 (x86
(x86 Edition
Edition or
or x64
x64 Edition)
Edition)
Windows
Windows Server
Server 2008
2008 (x86
(x86 Edition
Edition or
or x64
x64 Edition)
Edition)
Windows
Windows Server
Server 2008
2008 R2
R2
SUSE
SUSE Linux
Linux Enterprise
Enterprise Server
Server 10
10 with
with SP2
SP2 (x86
(x86 Edition
Edition or
or x64
x64 Edition)
Edition)
SUSE
SUSE Linux
Linux Enterprise
Enterprise Server
Server 10
10 with
with SP1
SP1 (x86
(x86 Edition
Edition or
or x64
x64 Edition)
Edition)
SUSE
SUSE Linux
Linux Enterprise
Enterprise Server
Server 10
10 with
with SP2
SP2 (x86
(x86 Edition
Edition or
or x64
x64 Edition)
Edition)
SUSE
SUSE Linux
Linux Enterprise
Enterprise Server
Server 11
11 (x86
(x86 Edition
Edition or
or x64
x64 Edition)
Edition)
Red
Red Hat
Hat Enterprise
Enterprise Linux
Linux (RHEL)
(RHEL) 5.2
5.2 and
and 5.3
5.3 (x86
(x86 Edition
Edition or
or x64
x64 Edition)
Edition)
(Emulated
(Emulated devices
devices only)
only)

Client
Client operating
operating systems
systems supported
supported in
in child
child partition:
partition:
Windows
Windows XP
XP SP3
SP3 (x86
(x86 Edition
Edition or
or x64
x64 Edition)
Edition)
Windows
Windows Vista
Vista SP1
SP1 (x86
(x86 Edition
Edition or
or x64
x64 Edition)
Edition)
Windows
Windows 77 (x86
(x86 Edition
Edition or
or x64
x64 Edition)
Edition)

Integration
Integration Services
Services improves
improves integration
integration between
between the
the physical
physical
computer
computer and
and the
the virtual
virtual machine
machine

Sources for Deploying New Virtual Machines

What Is Host Rating?

Represents
Represents suitability
suitability of
of the
the physical
physical machine
machine to
to the
the host
host virtual
virtual
machine
machine
Host rating:
Depends on:
CPU usage
Memory usage
Disk I/O
Network usage
Is a recommendation, not a mandatory condition
Calculation metric can be changed

What Is Virtual Machine Placement?

Evaluation
Evaluation and
and selection
selection of
of the
the most
most suitable
suitable host
host for
for the
the virtual
virtual
machine
machine
Types:
Automatic placement
Intelligent placement

Considerations:
Default path must be configured
Host compatibility must be checked

Demonstration: Creating and Placing a New

Virtual Machine Using VMM 2008 R2
In this demonstration, you will learn how to use VMM to

create a new virtual machine, place it on the host, and

store it in a library

Demonstration: Deploying a New Virtual Machine

from the VMM Library
In this demonstration, you will learn how to deploy a

virtual machine from the VMM library

What Is P2V Conversion?

Converts
Converts an
an operating
operating system
system that
that is
is running
running on
on physical
physical hardware
hardware
to
to an
an operating
operating system
system running
running inside
inside aa virtual
virtual machine
machine

Considerations:
VHDs are made from disk images from source computer
New virtual machine has the same computer identity as the
physical computer

Requirements for the Source and Destination

Computers in the P2V Process
Requirements for the source
computer:

RAM size
Volume size
ACPI BIOS
Cannot be in perimeter

Requirements for the

destination computer:
Virtualization platform
RAM size
Cannot be in perimeter

Considerations for the operating system:

NT 4.0 is not supported
Itanium versions are not supported
Windows Server 2003 Sp1 is not supported

Online and Offline P2V Conversions

Online
Online conversion
conversion uses
uses VSS
VSS to
to convert
convert the
the physical
physical server
server to
to aa
virtual
virtual machine
machine while
while the
the operating
operating system
system and
and applications
applications are
are
running
running on
on the
the physical
physical server
server

Offline
Offline conversion
conversion uses
uses Windows
Windows PE
PE to
to convert
convert the
the physical
physical server
server to
to
aa virtual
virtual machine
machine while
while the
the operating
operating system
system and
and applications
applications are
are
not
not running
running on
on the
the source
source server
server

Usage Scenarios for P2V Conversion

Scenarios:
Consolidating servers
Decommissioning of old hardware
Simplifying support for old operating systems

Prioritizing Virtualization Candidates:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Underutilized computers that are not business critical

Computers with low utilization
Computers with higher utilization
The remaining underutilized computers

What Is V2V conversion?

Converts
Converts existing
existing VMware
VMware virtual
virtual machines
machines to
to virtual
virtual machines
machines
running
running on
on Hyper-V
Hyper-V
Converting VMware-based virtual machines:
From ESX host, Library or File Share
Original VM is unaffected
.vmdk files are used as source to build .vhd

V2V Conversion Requirements

Requirements:
Operating system in virtual machine
Virtual machine files
.vmx
.vmdk

Requirements for the destination host server:

Windows Server 2008 64-bit with Hyper-V
Cannot be in perimeter network
At least 256MB RAM and memory for virtual machine

Methods and Considerations for the V2V process

Methods:
Conversion directly from an ESX Server host
Conversion from the VMM library
Conversion from a Windows or NFS share

Demonstration: Performing a V2V Conversion

In this demonstration, you will learn how to convert a

VMware virtual machine, from the VMM library, by using a

V2V conversion

Migrating Virtual Machines Between Hosts

When migrating, be aware that:

Migration is supported only between compatible

platforms
During migration, virtual machine files are moved to
the new host
The virtual machine remains online during migration
You can move virtual machines by LAN or SAN transfer only
You can use Quick Storage Migration to move
the virtual machine storage between storage
systems while the virtual machine is running

Methods for Performing Virtual Machine Migration

Between Hosts

Use the Migrate action

Use the Migrate Storage action
Drag and drop the virtual machine onto a host
Drag and drop the virtual machine onto a host group

Considerations for Virtual Machine Migration

Considerations:

SAN storage issues

Permission issues
Migration of virtual machines with checkpoints
Status of the ESX Server host

Demonstration: Performing Virtual Machine

Migration Using Quick Storage Migration (QSM)
In this demonstration, you will learn how to migrate a

virtual machine between storage locations

What Is Virtual Machine Cloning?

Creates
Creates new
new virtual
virtual machines
machines based
based on
on existing
existing machines,
machines, and
and
creates
creates backups
backups of
of existing
existing virtual
virtual machines
machines
Considerations:
You must stop virtual machines before cloning them
During cloning, the operating system is not generalized

Considerations for Virtual Machine Cloning

Considerations:
You cannot make changes to a cloned operating system
You can clone a virtual machine from the library
VMM assigns a different machine name to a cloned
virtual machine if you deploy it on the same host as
the original

Actions for Operating and Managing Virtual Machines

Action

Description

Start

Starts a virtual machine that is

Stop

Stops a virtual machine, and does

Pause

Suspends execution of a virtual

Save state

Suspends execution of a virtual

Discard
Saved state

Discards the state that was saved

Shut down

Shuts down the guest operating

Connect to
virtual
machine

Connects to a virtual machine by

stopped, paused, or in a saved state

not save any state information

machine, and keeps all virtual
machine state in memory

machine, and saves the current

virtual machine state to disk to
release memory and CPU resources
for other virtual machines
for a virtual machine that is in a
saved state, and turns off the virtual
machine
system on the virtual machine

using Remote Desktop Protocol

(RDP)

Deploying, Migrating, and Storing Virtual Machines

Action

Description

New virtual
machine

Starts a wizard for creating new

Clone

Clone existing virtual machine

Deploy

Removes virtual machine from VMM

Migrate

Migrate virtual machine between

Migrate
Storage

Migrate storage location of virtual

Store in
Library

Stores virtual machine in VMM

Delete

Delete virtual machine from VMM

virtual machine

Library and place it on a host

hosts

machine

Library for later deployment

Admin Console and delete all virtual

machine files

Managing Virtual Machine Configurations and Disks

Management options:

Repair
Disable undo disks
Install virtual guest services
View networking
Disable

Convert to fixed type of virtual hard disk

Compact virtual hard disk
Expand virtual hard disk
Use and existing virtual hard disk
Create a new virtual hard disk
Pass-through to physical drive on host

Virtual Hard Disk Configuration

What Is Virtual Machine Checkpoint?

By
By creating
creating checkpoints
checkpoints for
for a
a virtual
virtual machine,
machine, you
you can
can
restore
restore the
the virtual
virtual machine
machine to
to a
a previous
previous state
state
Checkpoints:

Are created in the VMM Administration Console

Can be created while the virtual machine is running
Are portable
Are the same as Hyper-V snapshots
Virtual Machine Management

Considerations for Using VMM Checkpoints

Before
Before restoring
restoring to
to a
a checkpoint
checkpoint state,
state, you
you should
should perform
perform a
a
backup
backup
Checkpoints:
Affect virtual machine performance
Are not a replacement for backup
Are stored with the virtual machine on a host

Demonstration: Creating and Managing Checkpoints

In this demonstration, your instructor will show you how to
create and manage virtual machine checkpoint

What Is the VMM Library?

VMM Library is:

A catalog of resources that you can use to create and configure
virtual machines in VMM

VMM Library:
Is hosted on a VMM Library Server
Can have one or more library shares
Content in a library share can be organized by creating
subfolders
Content is refreshed (indexed) once per hour by default

VMM Library Resources

File-based resources:
Virtual hard disks
Virtual floppy disks
ISO files
Windows PowerShell (ps1)
scripts
Answer files (inf, xml)
Virtual machine templates

Hardware profiles
Guest operating system
profiles
Virtual machines that are not
in use
VMware virtual machines

What Are the Library Server and Library Group?

A library server is:
A central repository of resources that you can use to create
virtual machines

A library server:
Is configured as a default library
server
Used to add additional library servers
Used to align library servers to host
groups by using library groups

What Is a Hardware Profile?

A hardware profile is:

A library resource containing hardware specifications that can
be applied to a new virtual machine or a virtual machine
template

Hardware profiles:
Ensure consistent hardware configurations
Can manage hardware profiles are managed in library view
Can create a profile from scratch, from a template, or a
hardware configuration of a virtual machine

Hardware Profiles Settings

BIOS Startup order:

Processor
Memory
Floppy drive
COM1 and COM2
IDE devices
Network adapter
Priority
Availability

What Is the Guest Operating System Profile?

A guest operating system profile is:

A collection of operating system settings that can be imported

into a virtual machine template

Guest operating system profiles:

Are database objects

Are used in process of creation of new virtual machine
Can be changed later
Are not associated to virtual machines created based on it

Guest Operating System Profile Settings

Identity information
- Computer name
Admin Password
Product Key
Time zone
Operating system
Domain/Workgroup
Answer file
[GUIRunOnce]
Commands

Demonstration: Creating Hardware and Guest

Operating System Profiles
In this demonstration, your instructor will show you how to
create hardware profile and guest operating system profiles

What Is the Virtual Machine Template?

Virtual machine templates are:
A standardized group of hardware and software settings
that you can use for new virtual machines

Two types of virtual machine templates:

Customized templates
Non-customized templates

Virtual machine template components:

Hardware profile
Virtual hard disk
Guest operating system profile (optional)

Virtual Machine Template Settings

Settings:
General settings
Hardware Configuration
Operating system
Configuration
Custom Properties
Quota Points

Demonstration: Creating and Modifying the

Virtual Machine Template
In this demonstration, your instructor will show you how to
create and modify the virtual machine template

Role Types
Administrators:
Full access to all actions
Full access to all objects
Can use the Admin console or PowerShell interface

Delegated Administrators:
Full access to most actions
Scope can be limited by host groups and Library servers
Can use the Admin console or PowerShell interface

Self-Service users
Limited access to a subset of actions
Scope can be limited by host groups and Library share
Can use the Self-Service Portal or PowerShell interface

Creating a User Role in VMM 2008 R2

Select the user
role profile

Wizard
configuration
options

Demonstration: Creating A User Role

In this demonstration, you will see how to:

Add new members to the administrator profile

Create a delegated administrator profile, and delegate

specific host groups and libraries to that profile

Implementing VMM Self-Service Portal

To implement the VMM Self-Service Portal:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Install the VMM Self-Service Portal

Create or configure host groups
Add default virtual machine paths
Create a self-service user role
Assign self-service user accounts or groups as virtual
machine owners
6. Create virtual machine templates (optional)

Requirements for the VMM Self-Service Portal

Hardware requirements

Recommendations

Up to 10 concurrent
connections

Enables monitoring and managing the

hardware and software in a distributed
environment

More than 10 concurrent

connections

Enables automated installation and

configuration of software and operating
system updates

Operating system

Requirements

Windows Server 2003 and

Windows Server 2003 R2

Web Server
Windows Powershell
.NET Framework 2.0

Windows Server 2008 and

Windows Server 2008 R2

Web Server server role with selected

role services

Windows Powershell

Demonstration: Configuring User Access to the

Self-Service Portal
In this demonstration, you will see how to use the VMM

Self-Service Portal

Thank you!