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A Review On Load Flow Studies: Presenter: Ugyen Dorji Master's Student Kumamoto University, Japan Course Supervisor
A Review On Load Flow Studies: Presenter: Ugyen Dorji Master's Student Kumamoto University, Japan Course Supervisor
flow studies
Presenter:
Ugyen Dorji
Masters student
Kumamoto University, Japan
Course Supervisor:
Dr. Adel A. Elbaset
Minia University, Egypt.
Outline
Introduction
Methodology
Classical
methods
Gauss-Seidal method
Newton Raphson method
Fast Decoupled method
Other methods
Fuzzy Logic application
Genetic Algorithm application
Particle swarm method (PS0)
(1)
(2)
Gauss-Seidel method
Equation
Iterative steps:
Slack bus: both components of the voltage are specified. 2(n-1)
equations to be solved iteratively.
Flat voltage start: initial voltage of 1.0+j0 for unknown
voltages.
PQ buses: Pisch and Qisch are known. with flat voltage start, Eqn.
9 is solved for real and imaginary components of Voltage.
PV buses: Pisch and [Vi] are known. Eqn. 11 is solved for Qik+1
which is then substituted in Eqn. 9 to solve for Vik+1
The complex power Sij from bus i to j and Sji from bus j
to i are
milarly we can find the diagonal and off-diagonal elements of J2,J3 and J4
The terms Pi(k) and Qi(k) are the difference between the
scheduled and calculated values, known as the power
residuals.
Procedures:
1. For Load buses (P,Q specified), flat voltage start. For voltage
controlled buses (P,V specified), set equal to 0.
2. For Load buses, Pi(k) and Qi(k) are calculated from Eqns.23 & 24
and Pi(k) and Qi(k) are calculated from Eqns. 29 & 30.
3. For voltage controlled buses, and Pi(k) and Pi(k) are calculated
from Eqns. 23 & 29 respectively.
4. The elements of the Jacobian matrix are calculated.
5. The linear simultaneous equation 26 is solved directly by
optimally ordered triangle factorization and Gaussian
Other Methods
Repetitive
into crisp values for every node of the network. The state
vector is updated as
Case studies
GA applications
Load flow problem
where Gij and Bij are the
(I,j)th
element of the
admittance matrix. Ei, and Fi
are real and imaginary
parts of the voltage at node
i.
If node i is a PQ node where the load demand is specified, then
the mismatches in active and reactive powers, Pi and Qi ,
respectively, are given by
Pisp and Qisp
are the
specified
active
and
reactive powers at node i.
No
No of
Offspring
=s?
End
Yes
Yes
Mutation
Replace the current population with new
population
No
Max
number of
generatio
n
reached?
Constraint
satisfaction
technique
for
updating
candidate nodal voltages
(a) Satisfying the powers at a PQ node i by updating a PQ
node d.
(b) updating the voltage at a PV node to satisfy its voltage
and active power requirements
Constraint satisfaction for PQ nodes
Let the real and imaginary voltages of node d be Eid and Fid. The
power mismatches Pi in eqn. 3 and Qi in eqn. 4 for node i are now
set to zero. From eqns. 1-4, when d i, Eid and Fid can be calculated
according to
Vk=2Vk,best Vk
c) Nodal voltage updating sequence
i. Update the voltages of the PV nodes in the sequence of the
node number using eqns. 12-14.
ii. Then, the PQ node, which has the largest total mismatch, is
updated first using the constraint satisfaction methods.
(iii) Repeat step (ii) until all the PQ nodes are processed.
In step (i) above, the update operation attempts to meet
the voltage magnitude constraints and active power
requirements of the PV nodes.
The strategy employed in step (ii) guarantees a reduction
of the mismatch at the node with the largest total
mismatch. The strategy is applied dynamically during the
processing of the nodes as indicated in step (iii).
Application examples
Klos-kerner 11 node test system.
Two loading condition considered.
Numerical Examples
IEEE 14 bus system:
Thank you
References:
1. Power System Analysis, Hadi saadat, McGraw Hill International
editions.
2. Fuzzy
Logic
application
in
load
flow
studies,J.G.Vlachogiannis,IEE,2001.
3. Development of constrained-Genetic Algorithm load flow
method, K.P.Wong,A.Li,M.Y.Law,IEE,1997.
4. Load flow solution using Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization,
Amgad A.El-Dib et.al, IEEE,2004.