THO LUN CHUYN MN

NIT V HP CHT NIT

TRONG MT NC

1. nh ngha:Nit l nguyn t quan

trng trong s hnh thnh s sng
trn b mt Tri t. Nit l thnh
phn cu thnh nn protein c trong
t bo cht cng nh cc acid amin
trong nhn t bo. Trong mi trng
t v nc, lun tn ti cc thnh
phn cha Nito: t cc protein c
cu trc phc tp n cc acid amin
n gin, cng nh cc ion Nit v
c l sn phm qu trnh khong
ha.

2. Trng thi tn ti ca Nit trong

nc
Cc hp cht ca nit trong nc l kt
qu ca qu trnh phn hy cc hp
cht hu c c ngun gc t nhin
hoc pht sinh t cc hot ng ca
con ngi. Cc hp cht ny thng
tn ti di dng nitrat, nitrit,
ammoniac (NH3) hoc nguyn t nit
(N2).

S chuyn ha qua li gia cc dng nit

Schuyn ha qua li gia cc dng nit

Protein amoni nitrite nitrate
Vi khun tham gia qu trnh ny gm c 2 nhm:
- Vi khun nitrosomonas: oxy ha ammoniac thnh

nitrite.
- Vi khun nitrospira: oxi hanitrite thnh nitrate.
2 NH3 + 3 O2__ Vi khun nitrosomonas___2 HNO2
+ 2 H2O
2 HNO2 + O2____ Vi khun nitrospira ____2 HNO3
Ngc li khi gp mi trng thch hp li thm vi
khu n khc( Vi khun ym kh ), s c s chuyn
ha: nitrate nitrite amoni. Qu trnh chuyn
ha cc dng hu c, amoni, nitrite, nitrate cn
c gi l s chuyn ha qua li gia cc dng
nit .

3. Ngun gc pht sinh:

3.1 T nhin: Xc cc ng thc vt cht phn
hy, cht thi ca ng vt v qu trnh ng
ha v phn hy ca ng thc vt v vi sinh
vt, cc hin tng xi mn, xm thc, hin
tng st trong t nhin, v.v xy ra gii
phng cc hp cht ca nit dn ti cc qu
trnh nitrat ha, nitrit ha.

3.2 Nhn to: Hp cht ca Nit pht

sinh t:
Tht thot phn bn c trong t
Nc thi sinh hot, cht thi t
ngi v ng vt
Cc ha cht ty ra v lm sch
Nc thi cng nghip thc phm:
Ch bin sa, rau qu, hp, ch
bin tht, sx bia, ru, thuc da
Nc thi t cc nh my sn xut
phn bn, thuc bo v thc vt...

4. nh hng i vi mi trng
4.1 i vi con ngi: Cc hp cht nit trong nc c
th gy nn 1 s bnh nguy him cho ngi s dng
nc.
Nitrit: Ion nitrit c th oxy ha st II ngn cn qu
trnh hnh thnh hemoglobin (huyt sc t) cha
trong hng cu lm gim lng oxy trong mu c th
gy ngt, nn khi nng cao c th dn n t
vong.
4HbFe2+O2 + 4NO2- + 2H2O 4HbFe3+OH- +
4NO3- + O2
Ion nitrit c th kt hp vi cc amin hay alkyl
cacbonat trong c th to nn nitrosamin. Hm
lng nitrosamin cao khin c th khng kp o
thi, tch ly lu ngy trong gan c th gy ra hin
tng nhim c, ung th gan hoc ung th d dy.

nh hng i vi ng thc vt
Nit trong nc thi cao, chy vo sng, h lm
tng hm lng cht dinh dng. Do vy n gy
ra s pht trin mnh m ca cc loi thc vt
ph du nh ru, to gy tnh trng thiu oxy trong
nc, ph v chui thc n, gim cht lng
nc, ph hoi mi trng trong sch ca thy
vc, sn sinh nhiu cht c trong nc nh
NH4+, H2S, CO2, CH4 tiu dit nhiu loi
sinh vt c ch trong nc. Hin tng gi l
ph dng ngun nc.

Cc phng php x l
- Phng php sinh hc:
- Phng php ha hc:
- Phng php vt l:

THE END