Introduction

Why?
Observing the characteristic on any vehicle in
supersonic flight
Supersonic Wind Tunnel
Design of rocket and jet engines
High-energy gas-dynamic
So on....

First Supersonic Wind Tunnel, Germany, mid 1930s

Road Map

Gov. Eq. for Quasi-One-Dimension

Flow

If the area variation is moderate, y & z components are small

Gov. Eq. for Quasi-One-Dimension

Flow
is an approximation to the flow in a variable-area duct
Integral forms of conservation equation can be used to
obtain gov. equations

Gov. Eq. for Quasi-One-Dimension

Flow

Continuity eq. for quasi-one-dimension flow

Gov. Eq. for Quasi-One-Dimension

Flow
Momentum Eq.

For steady, inviscid flow with no body forces

x component

Gov. Eq. for Quasi-One-Dimension

Flow
Momentum Eq.

Upper & lower surface of control volume

Gov. Eq. for Quasi-One-Dimension

Flow
Energy Eq.

For steady, inviscid flow with no body forces

Gov. Eq. for Quasi-One-Dimension

Flow
Energy Eq.

Divided by continuation eq.

Hence,

Energy eq. for steady, inviscid, adiabatic quasi-one-dimension

Gov. Eq. for Quasi-One-Dimension

Flow
Differential Expression
Momentum differential
expression
Very small

Gov. Eq. for Quasi-One-Dimension

Flow
Differential expression
Expand & multiply by u,
Substract momentum differential expression

rential form of momentum eq. for steady, inviscid, quasi-one-dimension flow

Eulers equation

Gov. Eq. for Quasi-One-Dimension

Flow
Differential expression

Gov. Eq. for Quasi-One-Dimension

Flow
Differential form of governing eq.

Find relation between u & A

Isentropic = no shockwave

Area-velocity relation

Gov. Eq. for Quasi-One-Dimension

Flow
For 0 M < 1 (subsonic flow) = increase in velocity decrease
in area
For M > 1 (supersonic flow) = increase in velocity increase in
area
For M = 1 (sonic flow) = corresponds to a local minimum area