Diagnosis and treatment

of GERD

Agitha Billy Laksana Duarsa

10542035212
Pembimbing :
dr Zakaria Mustari Sp.PD

Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam

Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar

Abstract
GERD was a damage in mucosal layer caused by
gastric acid reflux. GERD was a problem found in
daily clinical practice. This terminology was used
in patients with regurgitation and heartburn
symptoms which is not responsive to 8 weeks
proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy.

Introduction
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was a
pathologic condition marked by mucosal
damaged caused by reflux of gastric acid. GERD
prevalence was estimated based on heartburn
sensation and regurgitation symptoms in
patients.

Etiology and
Pathophysiology
A lot of mechanism underlying the pathogenesis
of GERD, such as transient lower esophageal
sphincter/TRLES,
low
pressure
in
lower
esophageal sphincter (LES), and imbalance
mucosal
defence,
esophageal
clearance
disorder, visceral hypersensitivity, hiatal hernia,
and delayed gastric emptying.

Treatment of GERD
Drug treatment is to relieve symptoms of GERD
include administering antacids, prokinetic, H2receptor antagnists (H2-RA), and PPI. To control
symptoms and healing of erosive esophagitis in
GERD, PPI is currently the most effective option.

Surgery, by funduplikation, is one alternative therapy

in addition to medical therapy in alleviating the
symptoms and heal esophagitis. However, morbidity
and mortality post-surgery depends on the skill of the
surgeon. Therefore, the choice between medical
therapy and surgical treatment decisions rest on both
the patient and surgeon availability

Conclusion
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was a
pathologic condition marked by mucosal
damaged caused by reflux of gastric acid. GERD
diagnosis was based on clinical findings,
objective endoscopic, examination, ambulatory
reflux monitoring, and response to antiacidsecretion therapy. Symptoms of heartburn and
regurgitation was the spesific symptoms of
GERD, and both could be the reason to start PPI
therapy.