M

E
ST

R
E
C ogy
N
ol
i
A
C cer b
n
Ca

S
L
L
E
C

INTRODUCTION

What is Cancer?
What are Stem Cells?
Cancer Stem Cells?

HYPOTHESIS

NORMAL STEM
CELLS
VARIATIONS
GENERATE TUMOR

TUMOR CELLS
VARIATIONS
INVADE, MIGRATE
AND DISSEMINATE
PROPERTIES
CSC

INVOLVEMENT OF CSCs IN TUMORS

SOURCE OF
MALIGNANCY
IN PRIMARY TUMORS

CAUSE
METASTASIS

THRE
E
WAYS

RESERVOIR OF
DRUG
RESISTANT
CELLS

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION

Receptors

CD133 Hyaluronic acid receptor

CD24
CD44

Transcriptio
n Factors

OCT-4
SOX-2

Drug efflux
pumps

ATP-binding cassette
Drug transporters
Multidrug resistance transporter 1

SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN MAINTENANCE

OF CSCs

SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN MAINTENANCE

OF CSCs

SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN MAINTENANCE

OF CSCs

FUTURE PROCEDURES TREATMENTS

Targeti
ng

Signaling pathways
CSC markers
CSCs by manipulation of miRNA
expression
CSCs by induction of apoptosis and CSC
differentation

CONCLUSIONS
Limitations to identify CSCs

Improve isolating methods of CSCs

Identify important molecules in
signaling pathways to target them

CONCLUSIONS

Create highprecision therapies

which target
selectively CSCs