Heat Engines

Heat Engine

any device that

converts heat energy
into work

Heat Engine

Human body
Automobile engine
Earths atmosphere

Heat Engine

External Combustion
Engine
Internal Combustion
Engine

External Combustion Engine

Burn fuel outside the

engine
example : steam
engine

External Combustion Engine

Steam Engine

Operates when water is made to

vaporize by a boiler. The vaporized
water then enters into a cylinder
where it is allowed to expand. This
expansion pushes a piston.

Internal Combustion Engine

Burning of fuel is done

inside the cylinder of
the engine
example : gasoline
engine and diesel engine

Internal Combustion Engine

Gasoline Engine
The fuel is mixed with air into
carburettor which is drawn into
cylinder where it is compressed
and ignited by a sparkplug.

Gasoline Engine

Internal Combustion Engine

Diesel Engine
The temperature achieved are
high enough to ignite a fuel
mixture without the use of
sparkplug.

Diesel Engine

Four stroke Cycle

Intake Stroke
Piston goes down and the inlet valve open.
Fuel vaporizes and mix with air in the
carburettor. Then the mixture enters the
engines cylinder through the inlet valve.
After wards,the inlet valve closes.

Four stroke Cycle

Compression Stroke
Piston goes up compressing the mixture of air
and fuel in the cylinder to a small fraction to
its original volume. An electric spark from
the spark plug ignites the compressed
mixture.

Four stroke Cycle

Power Stroke
When the mixture ignites, it releases heat.
This greatly increases the gas temperature.
Gas molecules then move more rapidly . The
gas expands, pushing the piston down.

Four stroke Cycle

Exhaust Stroke
Burned gas rushes through the valve, moving
the piston up. The exhaust valve then closes.
The piston moves down, ready for another
cycle.

Thermal Efficiency
Measure of how of how well an engine
operates.

Efficiency = 1- energy remove by heat

energy added by heat

Efficiency = 1- Tc x 100%
TH