SOE CCE
CENG645
Mobile Communication
Course Introduction
Evolution of Wireless
Communication Systems (Chapter
1)
Dr. Samir Omar
10/18/16
CENG645 - Mobile Communication
SOE CCE
Outline
Course Introduction
Mobile Connections
Basic Cellular Concepts
Various Cellular Generations
Specifications of Long Term Evolution (LTE)
Conclusion
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CENG645 - Mobile Communication
Topics covered
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Principles of cellular communication.
Evolution of wireless communication systems.
Frequency management and channel
assignment.
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Multiple access techniques.
2G systems including GSM and IS-95.
3G systems including UMTS and CDMA2000.
3GPP Long-Term Evolution (LTE).
WiMAX.
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Materials
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Textbook:
T. L. Singal, "Wireless Communications", McGraw
Hill, 2010.
References:
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Andres Molisch "Wireless communications", 2nd
Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2011.
T. S. Rappaport, "Wireless Communications", 2nd
Edition, Prentice Hall, 2001.
Mischa Schwartz, "Mobile Wireless
Communications", Cambridge University Press,
2005.
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CENG645 - Mobile Communication
Schedule
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Weeks 1 & 2: Textbook Chapters 1 and 4
Introduction to Cellular Networks and Cellular
Antennas System Design
Weeks 3, 4 & 5: Textbook Chapters 6, 7, 8 and 9
Cellular System Design Trade-offs and Multiple
Access Techniques
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Weeks 6 & 7: Textbook Chapter 11 GSM
system
Weeks 8: Exercises and Midterm
Weeks 9 & 10: Textbook Chapter 12 IS 95
system
Weeks 11 & 12: Textbook Chapter 13 3G
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CENG645 - Mobile Communication
SOE CCE
Marking Profile
Evaluatio
Date
Room
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Attendanc
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Midterm
Weight
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Chapters
Covered
5%
TBA
TBA
30%
Project
Week 15
In class
20%
Chapters 1, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and
11
TBA
Final
TBA
TBA
45%
All chapters
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E-Mail:
samir.omar@liu.edu.lb
10/18/16
CENG645 - Mobile Communication
SOE CCE
Outline
Course Introduction
Mobile Connections
Basic Cellular Concepts
Various Cellular Generations
Specifications of Long Term Evolution (LTE)
Conclusion
10/18/16
CENG645 - Mobile Communication
Connected Anywhere, Anytime
SOE CCE
Ubiquitous Communication Among People and Devices
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CENG645 - Mobile Communication
Next-generation
Cellular
Wireless Internet
Access
Wireless
Multimedia
Sensor Networks
Smart
Homes/Spaces
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Worldwide Mobile Facts
6.8 billion mobile subscriptions
4.5 billion persons using mobile devices
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1.8 billion mobile phones sold in 2013 from
which one billion are smartphones
2013 was the first year that smartphones
outsold feature phones (non smartphones)
4 million+ Base Stations (BS) deployed
25MWh per year average power consumption of
each BS
Source:
mobiThinking
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Smartphones
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Various devices integrated
into ONE
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Cell Phone Activities over Time
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Percentage of cell phone owners in USA performing these
activities on their mobiles:
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Source: Pew Internet &
American Life Project
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Smartphone Market Share
Smartphone
manufacturers:
Worldwide smartphone
sales for 2012, Q2 (2nd
Quarter)
Source: IDC Worldwide Mobile
Phone Tracker, July 26, 2012
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SOE CCE
Smartphone operating
systems:
All currently-owned
smartphones in Q2, 2012 in
the USA
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Source: Nielsen (July 2012)
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SOE CCE
Outline
Course Introduction
Mobile Connections
Basic Cellular Concepts
Various Cellular Generations
Specifications of Long Term Evolution (LTE)
Conclusion
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13
Basics: Cell Structure
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Multiple
Access
Downlin
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Uplink
Mobile Station
Distributed
transceivers
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Hando
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Base Station
Fixed transceiver
Cells
Different
Frequencies
or Codes
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Basics: Frequency Reuse
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Major problems:
limited
spectrum
resources
interference
Reuse of
frequency
channels in
remote cells
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GSM channel for
each user =
200 kHz
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SOE CCE
Basics: Multiple Access Methods
Frequency
FDMA:
Frequency
Division Multiple
Access
Frequen
cy
CMDA: Code
Division
Multiple
Access
Time
Frequency
TDMA: Time
Division
Multiple
Access
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Code
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Time
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Time
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Cellular Networks Architecture
- Rural areas:
huge cells of up
to thirty
kilometers
GSM
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- Urban areas
(highly
populated):
cells with a
radius of a few
hundred
meters
Base stations (BTS) are connected to a Base Station
Controller (BSC) which is responsible for managing
distribution of the resources
BSCs are connected to the Mobile Switching Centre
(MSC), managed by the telephone network operator, which
connects them to the Public Switched Telephone
Network (PSTN) and the Internet
MSCs are responsible
for managing user identities, their17
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location and establishment of communications with other
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Cellular Networks Issues
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BS in the center of the
cell:
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Difficult site acquisition
High cost
Fixed cell coverage
shape:
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Non-flexibility
Mobiles at cell edge:
Bad coverage
Low throughput
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SOE CCE
Outline
Course Introduction
Mobile Connections
Basic Cellular Concepts
Various Cellular Generations
Specifications of Long Term Evolution (LTE)
Conclusion
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Cellular Network Generations
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It is useful to think of cellular
Network/telephony in terms of generations:
1G: Analog cellular telephony
2G: Digital cellular telephony
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3G: High-speed digital cellular telephony
(including video telephony)
4G: IP-based voice, data, and multimedia
telephony at faster data rates than 3G
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SOE CCE
Cellular Standards: Brief Survey
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1G systems: analog voice systems
AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System): used FDMA
2G systems: digital voice channels
IS-136 TDMA: combined FDMA/TDMA (North America)
IS-95 CDMA: code division multiple access
GSM (Global System for Mobile communications)
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combined FDMA/TDMA
started by Europeans, most widely deployed in the world
2.5G systems: packet switched data channels
built-on 2G
GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
evolved from GSM, multiple data channels, up to 80 Kbps
EDGE: Enhanced data rates for global evolution
also evolved from GSM, data rates up to 236.8K
CDMA-2000 (phase 1): evolved from IS-95; data rates up to
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144K
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Cellular Standards: Brief Survey
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3G systems: supporting both voice/data
UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service
new spectrum and air interfaces, wideband CDMA (WCDMA)
achieve higher data rates: from 384Kbps to 7.2 Mbps
both circuited switched and packet switched
CDMA-2000 (1xRTT): CDMA in TDMA slots
1xEvolution Data Optimized (1xEVDO): up to 14 Mbps
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3.5G systems: evolved from 3G UMTS
HSPA: High Speed Packet Access
includes High Speed Downlink/Uplink Packet Access
(HS[D/U]PA)
HSPA+: Evolved HSPA
data rates theoretically up to 84 Mbps or more
4G systems: fully packet-switched, all IP-based
LTE: Long Term Evolution
global cellular network architecture standard
LTE Advanced
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WiMax
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Mobile Data Rates
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2G 4G Data download
rates
2.5G speed is based on the maximum offered by Edge
technology
3G speed is based on the maximum offered by HSDPA
technology
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Evolution of Cellular Networks
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1G
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2G
2.5
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3G
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3.5
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4G
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SOE CCE
Outline
Course Introduction
Mobile Connections
Basic Cellular Concepts
Various Cellular Generations
Specifications of Long Term Evolution (LTE)
Conclusion
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4G/LTE Cellular
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Much higher data rates than 3G (50 - 100
Mbps)
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Greater spectral efficiency (bits/s/Hz)
Scalable bandwidth up to 20 MHz, covering
1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz
Low packet latency (<5ms)
Reduced cost-per-bit
Support for multimedia
All IP network
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LTE Enabling Technologies
SOE CCE
Two main technologies:
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO)
Digital modulation on
multiple orthogonal
carrier frequencies
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Multiple antennas at
the transmitter and/or
the receiver
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Global LTE Momentum
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LTE Deployment by Year
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Source: Cisco, 2013
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SOE CCE
LTE in Lebanon
Ongoing pilot tests
Commercial in April 2013
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LTE-Advanced Key Features
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Compatibility of services
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Enhanced peak data rates to support
advanced services and applications
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1 Gbps for low mobility
100 Mbps for high mobility
Spectrum efficiency: 3 times greater than LTE
Downlink: 30 bps/Hz
Uplink: 6.75 bps/Hz
Optimized spectrum use
100 MHz
f
CC
Carrier aggregation: ability to support scalable
bandwidth use and spectrum aggregation where
non-contiguous spectrum needs to be used
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SOE CCE
LTE-Advanced New Technologies
Coordinated multipoint (CoMP)
- Cell edge throughput
improvement
- Reduced/controlled inter-cell
interference
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Relaying
- Coverage Extension
- Throughput/capacity gain
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Coordination
Optical
fiber
Enhanced service provisioning, especially for
cell-edge users
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SOE CCE
Outline
Course Introduction
Mobile Connections
Basic Cellular Concepts
Various Cellular Generations
Specifications of Long Term Evolution (LTE)
Conclusion
10/18/16
CENG645 - Mobile Communication
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SOE CCE
Future Cellular Network
Todays architecture
10x Lower
COST/Mbps
4M Macrocells serving 6 billion
mobiles
Anticipated 1M small cells per
year
(more
with
WiFi
Offload
)
MacrocellPicocell
Femto
cell
10x
CAPACITY
Improvem
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Heterogeneous
Networks
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CENG645 - Mobile Communication
Near
100%
COVERAG
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Application Driven Cellular
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5G 20xx
3G
2002
2G
1992
Voice
Messages
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+Interactive 3D
MM
4G 2011 +Virtual Reality
+Broadband
Data
+3D Graphics
+Data
+Positionin
g
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